North America Native Plant

Lichenochora Xanthoriae

Botanical name: Lichenochora xanthoriae

USDA symbol: LIXA

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Lichenochora xanthoriae: The Tiny Lichen Hunter You’ll Never See Ever heard of Lichenochora xanthoriae? Don’t worry if you haven’t – this microscopic North American native is one of nature’s most secretive characters. While its name might sound like something you’d plant in your garden, this tiny organism is actually a ...

Lichenochora xanthoriae: The Tiny Lichen Hunter You’ll Never See

Ever heard of Lichenochora xanthoriae? Don’t worry if you haven’t – this microscopic North American native is one of nature’s most secretive characters. While its name might sound like something you’d plant in your garden, this tiny organism is actually a specialized fungus that makes its living as a lichen parasite.

What Exactly Is Lichenochora xanthoriae?

Despite being classified in our lichen category, Lichenochora xanthoriae is technically a parasitic fungus that targets lichens – particularly those bright yellow Caloplaca species you might spot growing on rocks, tree bark, or concrete surfaces. Think of it as nature’s tiniest specialist, with a very specific job description: finding and living off certain types of lichens.

This microscopic organism is native to North America, though its exact distribution remains somewhat mysterious due to its incredibly small size and specialized habitat requirements.

Can You Spot One in Your Garden?

Here’s the thing about Lichenochora xanthoriae – you’re not going to see it without some serious magnification equipment. This fungus creates tiny, dark spots or structures on its host lichens, but we’re talking microscopic here. Even if you have lichens growing naturally in your landscape, you’d need a hand lens or microscope to detect signs of this particular parasite.

Is It Beneficial for Your Garden?

While Lichenochora xanthoriae isn’t something you can plant or encourage in your garden, it does play a role in the complex ecosystem of microorganisms. As a specialized parasite, it helps maintain balance among lichen populations, though its impact is so small-scale that it’s barely noticeable to us humans.

If you’re interested in supporting the broader ecosystem that includes organisms like this:

  • Avoid using pesticides and fungicides that could harm beneficial microorganisms
  • Leave some natural surfaces like rocks, old wood, or tree bark undisturbed
  • Allow lichens to grow naturally on fences, stones, and tree trunks
  • Maintain areas with varying moisture levels and sun exposure

The Bottom Line

Lichenochora xanthoriae represents the incredible diversity of life that exists right under our noses – or in this case, right on the lichens that might be growing in our yards. While you can’t add this fascinating organism to your shopping list, knowing it exists reminds us that even the smallest creatures play important roles in nature’s intricate web.

So next time you notice those crusty, colorful lichens growing on a rock wall or old fence post, take a moment to appreciate that they might be hosting their own tiny, invisible ecosystem – complete with specialized parasites like our mysterious Lichenochora xanthoriae.

Lichenochora Xanthoriae

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Phyllachorales

Family

Phyllachoraceae Theiss. & P. Syd.

Genus

Lichenochora Hafellner - lichenochora lichen

Species

Lichenochora xanthoriae Triebel & Rambold

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA