North America Native Plant

Lava Clermontia

Botanical name: Clermontia calophylla

USDA symbol: CLCA5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Clermontia montis-loa Rock var. tenuifolia Skottsb. (CLMOT)  âš˜  Clermontia parviflora Gaudich. ex A. Gray var. grandis Rock (CLPAG)  âš˜  Clermontia parviflora Gaudich. ex A. Gray var. intermedia Skottsb. (CLPAI)   

Lava Clermontia: A Rare Hawaiian Treasure Worth Protecting If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants and conservation gardening, you may have heard whispers about the elusive lava clermontia. This extraordinary shrub, scientifically known as Clermontia calophylla, represents one of Hawaii’s most precious and endangered botanical treasures. But before you start ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Lava Clermontia: A Rare Hawaiian Treasure Worth Protecting

If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants and conservation gardening, you may have heard whispers about the elusive lava clermontia. This extraordinary shrub, scientifically known as Clermontia calophylla, represents one of Hawaii’s most precious and endangered botanical treasures. But before you start planning where to plant one, there’s something crucial you need to know about this remarkable species.

A Plant on the Brink

Here’s the reality that every gardener needs to understand: lava clermontia is critically imperiled. With a Global Conservation Status of S1, this species is teetering on the edge of extinction, with typically fewer than five known occurrences and less than 1,000 remaining individuals in the wild. When you’re talking about a plant this rare, every single specimen matters immensely.

What Makes Lava Clermontia Special?

This perennial shrub is a true Hawaiian endemic, meaning it exists nowhere else on Earth. As a member of the bellflower family, lava clermontia typically grows as a multi-stemmed woody plant, usually reaching heights of 13 to 16 feet under ideal conditions. Its common name hints at its natural habitat – the volcanic landscapes that make Hawaii so unique.

Where It Calls Home

Lava clermontia is exclusively native to Hawaii, where it has adapted to the islands’ distinctive volcanic environment. This specialized habitat preference is part of what makes the species so vulnerable – when you’re adapted to very specific conditions, you’re naturally more susceptible to environmental changes.

Growing Conditions and Habitat Needs

In terms of moisture preferences, lava clermontia has what botanists call a facultative wetland status in Hawaii. This means it’s quite flexible – it can thrive in both wetland and non-wetland conditions, which actually makes it more adaptable than many of its endangered relatives.

Should You Grow Lava Clermontia?

This is where things get complicated, and frankly, where most home gardeners need to pump the brakes. Because of its critically endangered status, growing lava clermontia isn’t something to take lightly. If you’re seriously considering adding this species to your garden, here’s what you absolutely must know:

  • Source responsibly or don’t source at all: Only obtain plants from legitimate conservation programs or botanical institutions
  • Get professional guidance: This isn’t a wing it kind of plant – you’ll need expert advice on growing conditions
  • Think conservation first: Your primary goal should be supporting the species’ survival, not just having a cool plant
  • Consider alternatives: Other native Hawaiian Clermontia species might be more appropriate for home gardens

The Conservation Angle

If you do decide to grow lava clermontia, you’re essentially becoming a conservation partner. This species needs all the help it can get, and responsible cultivation by knowledgeable gardeners can play a role in preventing extinction. However, this comes with serious responsibilities – proper care, potential seed collection for conservation programs, and sharing knowledge with other conservationists.

Alternative Native Hawaiian Options

For most gardeners interested in Hawaiian natives, consider starting with less endangered Clermontia species or other native Hawaiian shrubs that can provide similar aesthetic value while being more readily available and easier to grow successfully.

The Bottom Line

Lava clermontia represents something truly special – a unique piece of Hawaiian natural heritage that’s hanging by a thread. While it’s not impossible to grow, it requires a level of commitment, expertise, and responsibility that goes far beyond typical gardening. If you’re up for the challenge and can source plants responsibly, you might just be helping to save a species. But if you’re looking for a straightforward addition to your Hawaiian native garden, there are probably better places to start your journey.

Remember, sometimes the most meaningful way to appreciate a rare plant is simply knowing it exists and supporting the conservation efforts working to protect it in its natural habitat.

Lava Clermontia

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Campanulales

Family

Campanulaceae Juss. - Bellflower family

Genus

Clermontia Gaudich. - clermontia

Species

Clermontia calophylla E. Wimm. - lava clermontia

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA