North America Native Plant

Lanceleaf Cottonwood

Botanical name: Populus ×acuminata

USDA symbol: POAC5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Populus acuminata Rydb. var. rehderi Sarg. (POACR)   

Lanceleaf Cottonwood: A Fast-Growing Native with Big Personality If you’ve ever wondered about those tall, graceful trees that seem to dance in the slightest breeze, you might be looking at a lanceleaf cottonwood (Populus ×acuminata). This impressive native tree has quite the story to tell – and some pretty specific ...

Lanceleaf Cottonwood: A Fast-Growing Native with Big Personality

If you’ve ever wondered about those tall, graceful trees that seem to dance in the slightest breeze, you might be looking at a lanceleaf cottonwood (Populus ×acuminata). This impressive native tree has quite the story to tell – and some pretty specific opinions about where it wants to live!

What Makes Lanceleaf Cottonwood Special

Lanceleaf cottonwood is a perennial tree that can tower over 50 feet tall when fully mature. Don’t let the scientific name intimidate you – that little × symbol just means this is a naturally occurring hybrid species. In the plant world, that makes it extra interesting!

This tree is also known by the synonym Populus acuminata Rydb. var. rehderi Sarg., though most gardeners stick with the much friendlier common name. The lanceleaf part of its name comes from those distinctive, narrow leaves that give the tree its elegant appearance.

Where This Tree Calls Home

Lanceleaf cottonwood is a true North American native, found naturally across both Canada and the lower 48 states. Its range spans an impressive territory including Alberta, Saskatchewan, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming.

The Good, The Bad, and The Beautiful

Why you might love it:

  • Lightning-fast growth rate – perfect for impatient gardeners
  • Stunning golden-yellow fall color that lights up the landscape
  • Those signature fluttering leaves create a soothing, rustling sound
  • Early spring catkins provide valuable nectar for bees and pollinators
  • Excellent for erosion control near water features
  • Hardy across USDA zones 3-7

Why you might want to think twice:

  • Needs lots of space – this isn’t a tree for small yards
  • Can be messy, dropping leaves, catkins, and branches
  • Brittle wood means storm damage is always a possibility
  • Short lifespan compared to other shade trees

Perfect Spots for Lanceleaf Cottonwood

This tree has some pretty specific preferences. It’s classified as facultative for wetland status across the Arid West, Great Plains, and Western Mountains regions, meaning it’s equally happy in wet or dry conditions – though it definitely prefers consistent moisture.

Lanceleaf cottonwood shines in:

  • Large rural properties where it has room to spread
  • Windbreak plantings
  • Riparian restoration projects
  • Areas where you want quick shade and don’t mind some maintenance

Growing Your Lanceleaf Cottonwood

Ready to give this native beauty a try? Here’s what it needs to thrive:

Planting conditions:

  • Full sun exposure
  • Moist to wet soils (though it can handle some drought once established)
  • Tolerates alkaline soils well
  • Plant in spring for best establishment

Care tips:

  • Water regularly during the first few years
  • Prune carefully – the brittle wood can be tricky to work with
  • Give it plenty of space from structures and power lines
  • Be patient with cleanup – these trees are naturally a bit messy

Is Lanceleaf Cottonwood Right for You?

If you have a large property, need quick-growing shade or windbreak, and appreciate native plants that support local wildlife, lanceleaf cottonwood could be a fantastic choice. Its fast growth and ecological benefits make it particularly valuable for restoration projects and rural landscapes.

However, if you’re working with a small urban lot or prefer low-maintenance trees, you might want to consider other native options that better suit your space and lifestyle.

Remember, choosing native plants like lanceleaf cottonwood helps support local ecosystems while creating beautiful, regionally appropriate landscapes. Just make sure you’ve got the room and patience for this fast-growing giant!

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Arid West

FAC

Facultative - Plants with this status can occur in wetlands and non-wetlands

Great Plains

FAC

Facultative - Plants with this status can occur in wetlands and non-wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

FAC

Facultative - Plants with this status can occur in wetlands and non-wetlands

Lanceleaf Cottonwood

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Salicales

Family

Salicaceae Mirb. - Willow family

Genus

Populus L. - cottonwood

Species

Populus ×acuminata Rydb. (pro sp.) [angustifolia × deltoides] - lanceleaf cottonwood

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA