North America Native Plant

Lacy Maiden Fern

Botanical name: Thelypteris cyatheoides

USDA symbol: THCY

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Christella cyatheoides (Kaulf.) Holttum (CHCY5)  âš˜  Cyclosorus cyatheoides (Kaulf.) Farw. (CYCY6)  âš˜  Dryopteris cyatheoides (Kaulf.) Kuntze (DRCY2)   

Lacy Maiden Fern: Hawaii’s Delicate Native Treasure If you’re lucky enough to garden in tropical paradise, you might want to get acquainted with the lacy maiden fern (Thelypteris cyatheoides). This delicate Hawaiian native is like the shy wallflower of the fern world – beautiful, understated, and unfortunately becoming quite rare. ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Lacy Maiden Fern: Hawaii’s Delicate Native Treasure

If you’re lucky enough to garden in tropical paradise, you might want to get acquainted with the lacy maiden fern (Thelypteris cyatheoides). This delicate Hawaiian native is like the shy wallflower of the fern world – beautiful, understated, and unfortunately becoming quite rare.

What Makes This Fern Special?

The lacy maiden fern lives up to its common name with incredibly fine, delicate fronds that create an almost ethereal appearance in the garden. As a perennial forb (that’s botanist-speak for a non-woody plant that comes back year after year), this fern brings a soft, textural element that’s hard to replicate with other plants.

You might also see this beauty referenced by its scientific synonyms: Christella cyatheoides, Cyclosorus cyatheoides, or Dryopteris cyatheoides. Don’t let the name changes fool you – it’s the same lovely plant!

Where Does It Call Home?

This fern is exclusively native to Hawaii, making it a true island endemic. You won’t find wild populations anywhere else in the world, which makes it extra special for Hawaiian gardeners looking to celebrate their local flora.

A Word of Caution: This Fern Needs Our Help

Here’s where things get serious for a moment. The lacy maiden fern has a Global Conservation Status of S3, meaning it’s considered vulnerable. With typically only 21 to 100 occurrences and between 3,000 to 10,000 individuals remaining, this isn’t a plant to take lightly.

If you’re considering adding this fern to your garden, please – and we cannot stress this enough – only source it from reputable native plant nurseries that propagate responsibly. Never harvest from wild populations, as this could push an already vulnerable species closer to extinction.

Growing Your Lacy Maiden Fern

If you can get your hands on responsibly sourced plants, here’s what this tropical beauty needs to thrive:

Perfect Growing Conditions

  • Climate: USDA zones 10-12 only (sorry, mainland gardeners!)
  • Light: Partial to full shade – think forest understory
  • Soil: Moist, well-draining, and rich in organic matter
  • Water: Consistent moisture is key, but not waterlogged

Where to Use It in Your Garden

This fern shines in naturalistic Hawaiian landscapes and shade gardens. Its delicate texture makes it perfect for:

  • Understory plantings beneath native trees
  • Tropical shade gardens
  • Native plant collections
  • Areas where you want to add fine texture without overwhelming other plants

The Wetland Connection

Interestingly, this fern is classified as Facultative Upland, meaning it usually prefers non-wetland conditions but can tolerate some moisture. This makes it quite adaptable for different spots in your Hawaiian garden, as long as you don’t let it get too soggy.

Wildlife and Ecosystem Benefits

While we don’t have specific data on wildlife benefits for this particular species, native ferns generally provide habitat for small creatures and contribute to the complex understory ecosystem that native Hawaiian forests depend on. By growing this fern, you’re participating in preserving Hawaii’s unique botanical heritage.

The Bottom Line

The lacy maiden fern is absolutely worth growing if you’re in Hawaii and can source it responsibly. Its delicate beauty and rarity make it a special addition to any native plant garden. Just remember – with great beauty comes great responsibility. Help preserve this vulnerable species by choosing ethical sources and never collecting from the wild.

Your garden can be part of the conservation story, one delicate frond at a time.

Lacy Maiden Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic. Serm. - Marsh Fern family

Genus

Thelypteris Schmidel - maiden fern

Species

Thelypteris cyatheoides (Kaulf.) Fosberg - lacy maiden fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA