North America Native Plant

Kopiko ‘ula

Botanical name: Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hillebrandii

USDA symbol: PSHAH

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Kopiko ‘Ula: A Treasured Native Hawaiian Coffee Relative for Your Garden If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and want to add something truly special to your tropical garden, meet kopiko ‘ula (Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hillebrandii). This enchanting native tree is a member of the coffee family and offers gardeners ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘

Kopiko ‘Ula: A Treasured Native Hawaiian Coffee Relative for Your Garden

If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and want to add something truly special to your tropical garden, meet kopiko ‘ula (Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hillebrandii). This enchanting native tree is a member of the coffee family and offers gardeners a chance to grow a piece of Hawaii’s natural heritage right in their backyard.

What Makes Kopiko ‘Ula Special?

Kopiko ‘ula is a perennial, woody tree that’s endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, meaning you won’t find it growing wild anywhere else on Earth. This makes it incredibly precious from a conservation standpoint. The plant typically grows as a single-stemmed tree reaching heights of 13-16 feet or more, though environmental conditions can sometimes result in shorter, multi-stemmed growth forms.

Where Does It Grow Naturally?

This beautiful native is found exclusively in Hawaii, where it plays an important role in the islands’ native forest ecosystems. As an understory species, it thrives in the dappled light beneath Hawaii’s native canopy trees.

A Conservation Concern Worth Growing

Here’s something important every gardener should know: kopiko ‘ula has a Global Conservation Status of S3T3, which indicates it’s considered vulnerable. This rarity status means that while we absolutely encourage growing this wonderful native plant, it’s crucial to source it responsibly from reputable native plant nurseries or conservation organizations. Never collect seeds or cuttings from wild populations.

Garden Appeal and Landscape Role

Kopiko ‘ula brings unique beauty to native Hawaiian gardens and restoration projects. Its glossy green leaves create an attractive backdrop, while small white flowers arranged in clusters provide delicate seasonal interest. After flowering, the plant produces colorful red berries that add another layer of visual appeal.

This tree works beautifully as:

  • An understory specimen in native forest gardens
  • Part of Hawaiian habitat restoration projects
  • A conservation-minded addition to tropical landscapes
  • A conversation starter about native plant preservation

Growing Conditions and Care

Kopiko ‘ula thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10-12, making it suitable for tropical and subtropical climates. To grow this native successfully:

  • Light: Provide partial shade, mimicking its natural understory habitat
  • Soil: Ensure moist, well-drained soil that doesn’t become waterlogged
  • Water: Maintain consistent moisture without overwatering
  • Protection: Shield from strong winds that can damage branches

Benefits for Wildlife and Pollinators

When kopiko ‘ula blooms, its white flower clusters attract native Hawaiian insects, supporting local pollinator populations. The red berries that follow may also provide food for native birds, making this tree a valuable addition to wildlife-friendly gardens.

Is Kopiko ‘Ula Right for Your Garden?

Consider kopiko ‘ula if you:

  • Live in a tropical climate (zones 10-12)
  • Want to support native Hawaiian plant conservation
  • Have space for a medium-sized understory tree
  • Can provide partial shade and consistent moisture
  • Are committed to sourcing plants responsibly

Remember, growing kopiko ‘ula isn’t just about adding beauty to your landscape—it’s about participating in conservation efforts to preserve Hawaii’s unique botanical heritage. By choosing this special native over non-native alternatives, you’re helping ensure that future generations can enjoy these remarkable trees.

The Bottom Line

Kopiko ‘ula represents the best of native Hawaiian gardening: beauty, ecological value, and conservation significance all rolled into one lovely tree. While its vulnerable status means we must be thoughtful about sourcing, it also makes growing this plant an even more meaningful choice for dedicated native plant gardeners. Give kopiko ‘ula the right conditions and responsible care, and you’ll be rewarded with a truly special addition to your tropical paradise.

Kopiko ‘ula

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Rubiales

Family

Rubiaceae Juss. - Madder family

Genus

Psychotria L. - wild coffee

Species

Psychotria hawaiiensis (A. Gray) Fosberg - kopiko 'ula

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA