North America Native Plant

Kirk’s Violet

Botanical name: Viola adunca var. kirkii

USDA symbol: VIADK

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Kirk’s Violet: A Rare California Native Worth Protecting Meet Kirk’s violet (Viola adunca var. kirkii), a charming but elusive member of the violet family that calls California home. This little perennial forb might not be a household name in gardening circles, but it deserves our attention – and our protection. ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T1T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Kirk’s Violet: A Rare California Native Worth Protecting

Meet Kirk’s violet (Viola adunca var. kirkii), a charming but elusive member of the violet family that calls California home. This little perennial forb might not be a household name in gardening circles, but it deserves our attention – and our protection.

What Makes Kirk’s Violet Special?

Kirk’s violet is a variety of the western dog violet, but what sets it apart is its rarity and California-specific heritage. As a native perennial forb, it’s a non-woody plant that dies back seasonally but returns year after year from its root system. Like other violets, it likely produces the characteristic heart-shaped leaves and delicate flowers that make this plant family so beloved.

Where Does It Grow?

This rare violet is native to California and found nowhere else in the world. Its limited distribution makes it a true California endemic – a botanical treasure that exists only within the Golden State’s borders.

A Word of Caution: Rarity Matters

Here’s where things get serious. Kirk’s violet has a conservation status of S5T1T3, which indicates this variety is quite rare. Before you start dreaming of adding it to your garden, consider this: rare plants need our protection more than our cultivation.

If you’re absolutely set on growing Kirk’s violet, please ensure you source it responsibly:

  • Only purchase from reputable native plant nurseries
  • Verify the plants were propagated, not wild-collected
  • Ask for documentation about the plant’s origin
  • Consider supporting conservation efforts instead

Growing Conditions and Care

While specific growing information for Kirk’s violet is limited, we can make educated guesses based on its violet family heritage and California native status. Most California violets prefer:

  • Partial shade to filtered sunlight
  • Well-draining soil with good organic content
  • Moderate water during growing season
  • Cool, moist conditions during establishment

As a perennial forb, Kirk’s violet likely has a low, spreading growth habit and may go dormant during California’s dry summer months – a survival strategy many native plants use to cope with Mediterranean climates.

Garden Role and Landscape Use

Given its rarity, Kirk’s violet isn’t really suited for typical garden use. However, if you were to encounter it in a specialized native plant garden or restoration project, it would likely serve as:

  • Groundcover in shaded woodland settings
  • Part of a native plant collection focused on California endemics
  • Educational specimen in botanical gardens
  • Component in habitat restoration projects

Supporting Pollinators and Wildlife

While specific wildlife benefits for Kirk’s violet aren’t well-documented, violet family plants generally support various beneficial insects. Native violets often serve as host plants for fritillary butterfly caterpillars and provide nectar for small pollinators.

Better Alternatives for Your Garden

Instead of seeking out this rare variety, consider these more common California native violets that can provide similar beauty without conservation concerns:

  • Western dog violet (Viola adunca) – the parent species
  • Stream violet (Viola glabella)
  • Pioneer violet (Viola glabella)
  • Yellow wood violet (Viola sempervirens)

The Bottom Line

Kirk’s violet represents something precious – a unique piece of California’s botanical heritage that exists nowhere else on Earth. While its rarity makes it fascinating, it also makes it unsuitable for general garden use. Instead of trying to grow this rare beauty, consider supporting habitat conservation efforts, visiting botanical gardens where it might be displayed, or choosing more common native violets that can bring similar charm to your landscape without impacting wild populations.

Sometimes the best way to love a plant is to admire it from afar and work to protect the places where it naturally grows. Kirk’s violet deserves that kind of respect.

Kirk’s Violet

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Violales

Family

Violaceae Batsch - Violet family

Genus

Viola L. - violet

Species

Viola adunca Sm. - hookedspur violet

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA