North America Native Plant

Kincaid’s Lupine

Botanical name: Lupinus oreganus var. kincaidii

USDA symbol: LUORK

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Lupinus sulphureus Douglas ex Hook. ssp. kincaidii (C.P. Sm.) L. Phillips (LUSUK)  âš˜  Lupinus sulphureus Douglas ex Hook. var. kincaidii (C.P. Sm.) C.L. Hitchc. (LUSUK2)   

Kincaid’s Lupine: A Rare Pacific Northwest Treasure Worth Protecting If you’re passionate about native plants and conservation, Kincaid’s lupine (Lupinus oreganus var. kincaidii) might just capture your heart. This remarkable perennial wildflower represents one of the Pacific Northwest’s most precious botanical gems, though it comes with some important considerations every ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: United States

Status: S4T2: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Threatened: Experiencing significant population decline or habitat loss that could lead to its endangerment if not addressed. ⚘

Region: United States

Kincaid’s Lupine: A Rare Pacific Northwest Treasure Worth Protecting

If you’re passionate about native plants and conservation, Kincaid’s lupine (Lupinus oreganus var. kincaidii) might just capture your heart. This remarkable perennial wildflower represents one of the Pacific Northwest’s most precious botanical gems, though it comes with some important considerations every gardener should know.

What Makes Kincaid’s Lupine Special

Kincaid’s lupine is a native forb – essentially a non-woody flowering plant that lacks the thick stems of shrubs or trees. As a perennial, it returns year after year, developing its characteristic lupine features: distinctive palmate leaves that spread like fingers from a central point, and those gorgeous purple-blue flower spikes that lupines are famous for.

This plant holds several scientific names in its botanical history, including Lupinus sulphureus var. kincaidii, but regardless of what you call it, this lupine stands out as a true regional native with deep ecological significance.

Where Kincaid’s Lupine Calls Home

This lupine has a relatively small native range, naturally occurring in British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington. It’s perfectly adapted to the Pacific Northwest’s unique climate and growing conditions, making it a genuine local treasure for gardeners in these areas.

The Conservation Reality: Why This Matters

Here’s where things get serious, and why every gardener interested in this plant needs to pay attention. Kincaid’s lupine carries a threatened status in the United States, meaning it faces significant conservation challenges in the wild. This rarity makes it both incredibly valuable for conservation-minded gardeners and something that requires responsible approach.

If you’re considering adding this lupine to your garden, it’s absolutely crucial to source it responsibly. Never collect seeds or plants from wild populations – this can harm already vulnerable communities. Instead, work only with reputable native plant nurseries that propagate their stock ethically.

Garden Role and Landscape Potential

In the right setting, Kincaid’s lupine can be a stunning addition to specialized gardens. It’s particularly well-suited for:

  • Native plant collections and botanical gardens
  • Prairie restoration projects
  • Conservation-focused landscapes
  • Educational demonstration gardens

Like other lupines, this species likely provides valuable benefits to pollinators, attracting native bees and butterflies that have co-evolved with these plants over thousands of years.

Growing Conditions and Care

While specific growing requirements for this variety aren’t extensively documented, lupines generally prefer:

  • Well-draining soils (lupines hate soggy feet!)
  • Full sun to partial shade conditions
  • USDA hardiness zones 7-9, typical for Pacific Northwest natives
  • Prairie-like conditions with good air circulation

Like many native plants, Kincaid’s lupine likely thrives with minimal intervention once established, preferring the tough love approach that mimics its natural habitat.

Should You Plant Kincaid’s Lupine?

The answer depends on your goals and commitment level. If you’re passionate about conservation, have experience with native plants, and can source the plant responsibly, growing Kincaid’s lupine can be a meaningful way to support biodiversity and preserve genetic diversity of this threatened species.

However, if you’re simply looking for a beautiful lupine for your garden, consider more common native lupine species that don’t carry conservation concerns. There are several other Lupinus species native to the Pacific Northwest that can provide similar beauty without the ethical complications.

The Bottom Line

Kincaid’s lupine represents the intersection of gardening and conservation – a place where our plant choices can genuinely make a difference for biodiversity. While it may not be the right choice for every gardener, those who choose to grow it responsibly are participating in something much larger than landscaping: they’re helping preserve a piece of the Pacific Northwest’s natural heritage for future generations.

Remember, the best native plant gardens are built on respect – for the plants, their ecosystems, and their conservation needs. Kincaid’s lupine embodies this principle perfectly.

Kincaid’s Lupine

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Lupinus L. - lupine

Species

Lupinus oreganus A. Heller - Oregon lupine

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA