North America Native Plant

Kanawao Ke’oke’o

Botanical name: Cyrtandra paludosa var. paludosa

USDA symbol: CYPAP2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Cyrtandra brevicalyx (Hillebr.) H. St. John (CYBR3)  ⚘  Cyrtandra garberi H. St. John (CYGA)  ⚘  Cyrtandra glauca Drake (CYGL4)  ⚘  Cyrtandra hyperdasa H. St. John (CYHY3)  ⚘  Cyrtandra nubincolens H. St. John (CYNU)  ⚘  Cyrtandra paludosa Gaudich. var. irrostrata H. St. John (CYPAI2)  ⚘  Cyrtandra paludosa Gaudich. var. subherbacea Wawra (CYPAS)   

Kanawao Ke’oke’o: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting in Your Garden If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and have the right growing conditions, kanawao ke’oke’o might just be the perfect addition to your shade garden. This enchanting native shrub brings a touch of authentic Hawaiian forest magic to your ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘

Kanawao Ke’oke’o: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting in Your Garden

If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and have the right growing conditions, kanawao ke’oke’o might just be the perfect addition to your shade garden. This enchanting native shrub brings a touch of authentic Hawaiian forest magic to your landscape while supporting local wildlife and conservation efforts.

Meet the Kanawao Ke’oke’o

Kanawao ke’oke’o (Cyrtandra paludosa var. paludosa) is a perennial shrub that’s as beautiful as its melodic Hawaiian name suggests. This multi-stemmed woody plant typically grows less than 13-16 feet tall, making it perfect for understory plantings in tropical and subtropical gardens. Like many members of the Cyrtandra family, it produces lovely white tubular flowers that stand out beautifully against its lush green foliage.

A True Hawaiian Native

This special plant is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, meaning it exists nowhere else on Earth naturally. It’s found exclusively in Hawaii’s wet forest environments, where it has evolved alongside native birds, insects, and other island species for thousands of years.

Important Conservation Note

Before you rush out to find this plant, there’s something crucial you need to know: kanawao ke’oke’o has a Global Conservation Status of S3T3, indicating it’s considered rare and potentially vulnerable. This means if you want to grow this beautiful native, you absolutely must source it responsibly from reputable native plant nurseries or conservation programs. Never collect from wild populations!

Why Choose Kanawao Ke’oke’o for Your Garden?

There are several compelling reasons to consider this Hawaiian native:

  • Supports native Hawaiian wildlife, including birds and beneficial insects
  • Adds authentic island character to shade gardens
  • Contributes to conservation efforts when responsibly grown
  • Thrives in challenging shady, humid conditions where other plants struggle
  • Low-maintenance once established in proper conditions

Growing Conditions and Care

Kanawao ke’oke’o isn’t for every garden, but if you can provide the right conditions, it’s relatively easy to care for:

Climate Requirements: This tropical native needs USDA hardiness zones 10-12. It simply won’t survive freezing temperatures or dry conditions.

Light and Location: Plant in shade to partial shade areas that mimic its natural forest habitat. It makes an excellent understory plant beneath taller trees or in naturally shaded areas of your garden.

Soil Needs: Provide well-draining but consistently moist, organic-rich soil. Think forest floor conditions – rich, humusy, and never completely dry.

Water Requirements: This plant loves humidity and consistent moisture. You’ll need to water regularly, especially during dry periods, but ensure drainage is good to prevent root rot.

Planting and Care Tips

  • Plant in a protected location away from strong winds
  • Mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds
  • Water consistently but don’t let soil become waterlogged
  • Feed with organic compost or slow-release fertilizer designed for native plants
  • Prune lightly to maintain shape if needed

Perfect Garden Companions

Kanawao ke’oke’o works beautifully in native Hawaiian plant gardens alongside other indigenous species like native ferns, ʻōhiʻa lehua, and other Cyrtandra species. It’s also excellent for tropical shade gardens where you want to create that lush, forest-like atmosphere.

A Plant Worth Protecting

Growing kanawao ke’oke’o isn’t just about adding beauty to your garden – it’s about participating in conservation. By choosing this rare native over non-native alternatives, you’re supporting Hawaiian biodiversity and helping ensure this special plant has a future. Just remember: always source from reputable native plant nurseries, never from wild populations.

If you have the right growing conditions and access to responsibly sourced plants, kanawao ke’oke’o can be a rewarding addition that connects your garden to Hawaii’s unique natural heritage while supporting conservation efforts for generations to come.

Kanawao Ke’oke’o

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss. - Gesneriad family

Genus

Cyrtandra J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. - cyrtandra

Species

Cyrtandra paludosa Gaudich. - kanawao ke'oke'o

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA