North America Native Plant

Johnston’s Monkeyflower

Botanical name: Mimulus johnstonii

USDA symbol: MIJO

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Johnston’s Monkeyflower: A Rare California Gem Worth Protecting If you’re passionate about California’s unique flora and love the idea of growing something truly special, Johnston’s monkeyflower (Mimulus johnstonii) might just capture your heart. This little-known annual is one of those botanical treasures that makes native plant enthusiasts do a happy ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Johnston’s Monkeyflower: A Rare California Gem Worth Protecting

If you’re passionate about California’s unique flora and love the idea of growing something truly special, Johnston’s monkeyflower (Mimulus johnstonii) might just capture your heart. This little-known annual is one of those botanical treasures that makes native plant enthusiasts do a happy dance – but it comes with some important conservation considerations we need to chat about first.

What Makes Johnston’s Monkeyflower Special?

Johnston’s monkeyflower is a charming annual forb that belongs to California’s incredible diversity of native plants. As a member of the monkeyflower family, it shares the characteristic tubular blooms that make these plants so beloved by both gardeners and pollinators. This particular species is what botanists call a forb – essentially a soft-stemmed flowering plant without woody tissue, meaning it dies back completely each year and regrows from seed.

A True California Native

This delightful little plant is endemic to California, meaning you won’t find it growing wild anywhere else in the world. It’s a true Golden State original, perfectly adapted to the unique conditions found within the state’s borders.

Why the Conservation Concern?

Here’s where we need to have a serious conversation. Johnston’s monkeyflower has a Global Conservation Status of S3, which translates to Vulnerable. This means it’s either very rare throughout its range or found only in restricted areas, making it vulnerable to disappearing entirely. We’re talking about somewhere between 21 to 100 known populations or roughly 3,000 to 10,000 individual plants in the wild.

What this means for gardeners: If you’re interested in growing this species, please only source seeds or plants from reputable native plant nurseries that can guarantee their material was ethically and legally obtained. Never collect from wild populations!

Growing Johnston’s Monkeyflower

As an annual plant, Johnston’s monkeyflower completes its entire life cycle in one growing season. This means you’ll need to replant it each year, either by collecting and sowing seeds or allowing it to self-seed in your garden.

Ideal Growing Conditions

Since this plant is adapted to California’s Mediterranean climate, it likely thrives in:

  • Well-draining soils
  • Areas with California’s natural wet winter/dry summer pattern
  • USDA hardiness zones 9-10
  • Locations that mimic its natural habitat conditions

Garden Design Ideas

Johnston’s monkeyflower works beautifully in:

  • Native California plant gardens
  • Rock gardens with excellent drainage
  • Specialized collections focusing on rare or unusual plants
  • Conservation gardens dedicated to preserving California’s botanical heritage

Pollinator and Wildlife Benefits

Like other members of the monkeyflower family, Johnston’s monkeyflower likely provides nectar and pollen for native bees and other small pollinators. By growing this plant, you’re not just adding beauty to your garden – you’re helping support the intricate web of relationships between California’s native plants and wildlife.

Should You Grow Johnston’s Monkeyflower?

This plant is perfect for gardeners who:

  • Are passionate about California native plants
  • Want to contribute to conservation efforts
  • Enjoy growing rare or unusual species
  • Have experience with annual flowers
  • Can commit to responsible sourcing practices

However, it might not be the best choice if you’re looking for a low-maintenance perennial or need guaranteed availability from standard nurseries.

The Bottom Line

Johnston’s monkeyflower represents the incredible diversity and uniqueness of California’s native flora. While its vulnerable conservation status means we need to be extra thoughtful about how we grow and share it, this also makes it an opportunity to participate in preserving California’s botanical heritage. If you do decide to grow this special plant, you’ll be joining a community of gardeners who understand that sometimes the rarest flowers bring the greatest joy – and responsibility.

Remember: always source responsibly, never collect from the wild, and consider sharing seeds with other conservation-minded gardeners to help ensure this beautiful species continues to thrive both in gardens and in its natural habitat.

Johnston’s Monkeyflower

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Mimulus L. - monkeyflower

Species

Mimulus johnstonii A.L. Grant - Johnston's monkeyflower

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA