North America Native Plant

Island Lacefern

Botanical name: Nothoperanema rubiginosum

USDA symbol: NORU

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Ctenitis rubiginosa (Brack.) Copeland (CTRU)   

Island Lacefern: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting Meet the island lacefern (Nothoperanema rubiginosum), a unique Hawaiian native fern that’s as special as it is rare. If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and conservation, this little-known species deserves a spot on your radar—though you’ll want to approach it with ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Island Lacefern: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting

Meet the island lacefern (Nothoperanema rubiginosum), a unique Hawaiian native fern that’s as special as it is rare. If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and conservation, this little-known species deserves a spot on your radar—though you’ll want to approach it with care and respect for its vulnerable status.

What Is Island Lacefern?

Island lacefern is a perennial fern native exclusively to Hawaii. Botanically known as Nothoperanema rubiginosum, it was previously classified under the synonym Ctenitis rubiginosa. This fern belongs to a group of plants that lack woody tissue above ground, making it quite different from the trees and shrubs you might typically think of when planning a native Hawaiian garden.

Where Does It Grow?

This endemic Hawaiian species calls only the Hawaiian Islands home, making it a true island treasure. Its limited geographical range contributes to its special conservation status.

A Plant That Needs Our Help

Here’s where things get important: island lacefern has a Global Conservation Status of S3, meaning it’s considered vulnerable. This classification indicates the species is either very rare throughout its range or found only in restricted areas. With typically just 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals remaining, this fern faces real challenges for its long-term survival.

Should You Grow Island Lacefern?

If you’re considering adding island lacefern to your garden, approach this decision thoughtfully. While supporting native Hawaiian plants is wonderful, this species’ vulnerable status means you should only obtain plants from responsible, ethical sources that don’t harm wild populations. Never collect from the wild, and always verify that any nursery stock comes from legitimate propagation efforts rather than wild collection.

Growing Conditions and Care

Island lacefern has a facultative wetland status, meaning it can thrive in both wetland and non-wetland conditions. This adaptability suggests it might work in various garden situations, from areas with consistent moisture to relatively drier spots. However, specific cultivation requirements for this species remain largely undocumented in horticultural literature.

Given its Hawaiian origins, island lacefern likely prefers:

  • Warm, tropical conditions
  • Protection from harsh winds
  • Filtered light rather than full sun
  • Well-draining soil that retains some moisture

The Bottom Line

Island lacefern represents the unique botanical heritage of Hawaii, but its vulnerable conservation status means it needs our protection more than our cultivation. If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants, consider supporting conservation efforts for species like this one, and choose more readily available native alternatives for your garden unless you can absolutely verify responsible sourcing.

For most gardeners interested in native Hawaiian ferns, exploring more common native species might be a better choice—you’ll still support native ecosystems while avoiding potential impacts on vulnerable populations. Sometimes the best way to love a plant is to admire it from afar and work to protect its wild habitat.

Island Lacefern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Dryopteridaceae Herter - Wood Fern family

Genus

Nothoperanema (Tagawa) Ching - island lacefern

Species

Nothoperanema rubiginosum (Brack.) A.R. Sm. & D. Palmer - island lacefern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA