North America Native Plant

Intermediate Snow Lichen

Botanical name: Stereocaulon intermedium

USDA symbol: STIN61

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Intermediate Snow Lichen: A Fascinating Garden Visitor You Can’t Plant Have you ever noticed tiny, coral-like structures growing on rocks or old wood in your garden? You might be looking at intermediate snow lichen (Stereocaulon intermedium), one of nature’s most intriguing partnerships between fungus and algae. While you can’t exactly ...

Intermediate Snow Lichen: A Fascinating Garden Visitor You Can’t Plant

Have you ever noticed tiny, coral-like structures growing on rocks or old wood in your garden? You might be looking at intermediate snow lichen (Stereocaulon intermedium), one of nature’s most intriguing partnerships between fungus and algae. While you can’t exactly plant this remarkable organism, understanding what it is and why it appears can help you appreciate the hidden complexity of your outdoor space.

What Exactly Is Intermediate Snow Lichen?

Despite its name suggesting it’s a plant, intermediate snow lichen is actually a lichen – a fascinating composite organism made up of a fungus and algae living together in perfect harmony. The fungus provides structure and protection, while the algae produces food through photosynthesis. Think of it as nature’s ultimate roommate situation, where both parties benefit from the arrangement.

This particular lichen species is native to North America, naturally occurring across boreal and arctic regions including northern parts of the United States and Canada. It’s perfectly at home in cool climates and can be found thriving in USDA hardiness zones 1-6.

How to Identify Intermediate Snow Lichen

Spotting Stereocaulon intermedium is like finding tiny underwater coral gardens on dry land. Here’s what to look for:

  • Small, branching structures that resemble miniature coral or tiny antlers
  • Grayish-white to pale green coloration
  • Height typically ranges from just a few millimeters to about 2 centimeters
  • Grows on rocks, soil, or decaying wood
  • Prefers well-drained, rocky substrates

Is It Beneficial to Have in Your Garden?

While intermediate snow lichen won’t attract pollinators like flowering plants do (lichens don’t produce flowers), having it appear naturally in your garden is actually a good sign! Lichens are incredibly sensitive to air pollution, so their presence indicates you have clean, healthy air quality in your area.

Here are some subtle benefits of having lichens around:

  • Natural air quality indicators – they only thrive where the air is clean
  • Contribute to the microscopic ecosystem that supports soil health
  • Add interesting texture and natural beauty to rock gardens and natural areas
  • Help break down rock surfaces over time, contributing to soil formation

Why You Can’t (and Shouldn’t Try to) Cultivate It

Here’s where intermediate snow lichen differs dramatically from your typical garden plants: you simply cannot cultivate, transplant, or encourage its growth through traditional gardening methods. Lichens have incredibly specific requirements for their fungal and algal partners to thrive, and these relationships can’t be replicated artificially.

Attempting to move or transplant lichens typically results in their death, as they’re extremely sensitive to disturbance and changes in their microenvironment. Instead of trying to grow them, the best approach is to:

  • Appreciate them where they naturally occur
  • Avoid disturbing areas where they’re growing
  • Maintain good air quality around your property
  • Keep rock surfaces and natural areas relatively undisturbed

Creating Conditions Where Lichens Might Appear

While you can’t plant intermediate snow lichen, you can create conditions in your garden that might encourage various lichen species to appear naturally over time:

  • Include natural rock features or stone walls in your landscape
  • Avoid using chemical pesticides and fertilizers that can harm sensitive organisms
  • Maintain areas of your garden in a more natural, less manicured state
  • Choose native plants that support overall ecosystem health

The Bottom Line

Intermediate snow lichen is one of those wonderful garden discoveries that reminds us that not everything beautiful in our outdoor spaces needs to be planted or managed. If you’re lucky enough to spot these tiny coral-like structures in your garden, take a moment to appreciate this remarkable partnership between fungus and algae. Their presence is a testament to the clean air and healthy conditions you’ve created in your outdoor space – and that’s something to celebrate, even if you can’t take credit for planting them!

Intermediate Snow Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Lecanorales

Family

Stereocaulaceae Chevall.

Genus

Stereocaulon Hoffm. - snow lichen

Species

Stereocaulon intermedium (Savicz) H. Magn. - intermediate snow lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA