North America Native Plant

Intermediate Arrowhead

Botanical name: Sagittaria intermedia

USDA symbol: SAIN10

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Intermediate Arrowhead: A Rare Caribbean Wetland Beauty If you’ve stumbled across the name intermediate arrowhead in your plant research, you’ve discovered one of the more elusive members of the arrowhead family. Sagittaria intermedia, as botanists know it, is a fascinating aquatic perennial that calls Puerto Rico home – and pretty ...

Intermediate Arrowhead: A Rare Caribbean Wetland Beauty

If you’ve stumbled across the name intermediate arrowhead in your plant research, you’ve discovered one of the more elusive members of the arrowhead family. Sagittaria intermedia, as botanists know it, is a fascinating aquatic perennial that calls Puerto Rico home – and pretty much only Puerto Rico.

What Makes Intermediate Arrowhead Special?

This herbaceous perennial belongs to the diverse Sagittaria genus, known for their distinctive arrow-shaped leaves that give the family its common name. As a forb (basically a fancy term for a non-woody flowering plant), intermediate arrowhead lacks the thick, woody stems of shrubs and trees, instead producing soft, green growth that emerges fresh each growing season.

What sets this species apart is its extremely limited range – it’s what botanists call an endemic species, meaning it evolved in one specific place and hasn’t spread naturally elsewhere.

Where You’ll Find It Growing Wild

Intermediate arrowhead is native exclusively to Puerto Rico, where it thrives in the island’s wetland environments. This makes it quite different from its more widespread cousins that you might find across North America.

A True Water Lover

Like other arrowheads, this species is classified as an obligate wetland plant, which is a scientific way of saying it almost always lives in soggy conditions. Think marshes, pond edges, slow-moving streams, and other perpetually moist spots where most garden plants would throw in the towel.

Should You Grow Intermediate Arrowhead?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky for most gardeners. While intermediate arrowhead sounds intriguing, there are several practical considerations:

  • Extremely limited availability – you’re unlikely to find it at your local nursery
  • Specific habitat requirements that are challenging to replicate
  • Unknown hardiness outside its native tropical climate
  • Limited information about cultivation requirements

Unless you’re in Puerto Rico or have access to specialized aquatic plant suppliers, you’ll probably want to consider alternatives.

Better Alternatives for Your Water Garden

If you’re drawn to the idea of growing arrowheads in your pond or water feature, consider these more readily available native alternatives:

  • Broad-leaved Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia) – Native across much of North America
  • Duck Potato (Sagittaria cuneata) – Great for northern climates
  • Grass-leaved Arrowhead (Sagittaria graminea) – Perfect for smaller water features

These alternatives will give you similar aesthetic appeal with the bonus of being adapted to your local climate and much easier to source responsibly.

The Bigger Picture

Intermediate arrowhead serves as a reminder of the incredible plant diversity tucked away in specific corners of our world. While you might not be able to grow this particular species in your backyard pond, supporting native plant conservation and choosing regionally appropriate alternatives helps protect both local ecosystems and rare species like this Caribbean gem.

Sometimes the best way to appreciate a plant is to learn about it, respect its natural habitat, and let that inspire better choices in our own gardens.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Caribbean

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Intermediate Arrowhead

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Alismatidae

Order

Alismatales

Family

Alismataceae Vent. - Water-plantain family

Genus

Sagittaria L. - arrowhead

Species

Sagittaria intermedia Micheli - intermediate arrowhead

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA