North America Native Plant

Horsetail

Botanical name: Equisetum ×mackaii

USDA symbol: EQMA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Alaska âš˜ Native to Canada âš˜ Native to Greenland âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Equisetum trachyodon (A. Braun) W.D.J. Koch (EQTR)  âš˜  Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr var. jesupii A.A. Eaton (EQVAJ)   

Growing Mackay’s Horsetail: A Living Fossil for Your Wetland Garden If you’ve ever wanted to add a touch of prehistoric charm to your garden, meet Mackay’s horsetail (Equisetum ×mackaii) – a fascinating native plant that’s been around since the time of dinosaurs! This unique perennial brings an otherworldly texture and ...

Growing Mackay’s Horsetail: A Living Fossil for Your Wetland Garden

If you’ve ever wanted to add a touch of prehistoric charm to your garden, meet Mackay’s horsetail (Equisetum ×mackaii) – a fascinating native plant that’s been around since the time of dinosaurs! This unique perennial brings an otherworldly texture and structure to wetland gardens across much of North America.

What Makes Mackay’s Horsetail Special

Mackay’s horsetail is what botanists call a living fossil – a plant that has remained virtually unchanged for millions of years. Unlike most garden plants, horsetails don’t produce flowers or seeds. Instead, they reproduce through spores, just like ferns. This hybrid horsetail (the × in its scientific name indicates it’s a natural hybrid) creates distinctive segmented, hollow stems with whorled branches that give it an almost bamboo-like appearance.

Where It Calls Home

This remarkable plant is native across a vast range of North America, including Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and much of the lower 48 states. You’ll find it naturally growing from British Columbia to Newfoundland, and south through states like Connecticut, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Oregon, and many others in between.

Why Gardeners Love (and Sometimes Hesitate About) Horsetails

The Good:

  • Absolutely unique texture and form that adds architectural interest
  • Extremely hardy and cold-tolerant (zones 2-7)
  • Native plant that supports local ecosystems
  • Low maintenance once established
  • Fascinating conversation starter with its prehistoric heritage

The Considerations:

  • Can spread via underground rhizomes (though this hybrid is typically less aggressive)
  • Very specific moisture requirements
  • May go dormant in extreme heat or drought
  • Limited seasonal interest compared to flowering plants

Perfect Garden Spots for Mackay’s Horsetail

This wetland-loving plant shines in:

  • Bog gardens and naturalistic wetland plantings
  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Pond margins and water feature edges
  • Native plant gardens emphasizing local flora
  • Modern landscapes where architectural plant forms are desired

Understanding Its Water Needs

Here’s where Mackay’s horsetail gets specific about its living conditions. This plant has different wetland preferences depending on where you’re gardening:

  • In most regions, it’s classified as Facultative Wetland, meaning it usually grows in wet areas but can tolerate some drying
  • In the Great Plains, it’s considered Obligate Wetland, requiring consistently moist to wet conditions

The takeaway? Keep it consistently moist to wet, and it’ll be happy.

Growing Mackay’s Horsetail Successfully

Light Requirements: Partial shade to full sun, though it appreciates some afternoon shade in hotter climates.

Soil Needs: Consistently moist to wet, rich organic soil. It thrives in areas that might be too soggy for other plants.

Planting Tips:

  • Plant in spring when the soil is workable
  • Space plants 12-18 inches apart if creating a grouping
  • Mulch around plants to help retain moisture
  • Consider installing a drip irrigation system if natural rainfall is insufficient

Care and Maintenance:

  • Very low maintenance once established
  • No fertilization needed – it actually prefers lean soils
  • Cut back dead stems in late fall or early spring
  • Monitor moisture levels, especially during dry spells
  • Contains plants within defined areas if spread becomes unwanted

Wildlife and Ecological Benefits

While Mackay’s horsetail doesn’t offer nectar like flowering plants, it does provide habitat structure for small wildlife and insects. Its dense growth can offer shelter for amphibians and small creatures that appreciate wetland environments. As a native plant, it’s part of the natural food web that supports local ecosystems.

Is Mackay’s Horsetail Right for Your Garden?

Choose Mackay’s horsetail if you:

  • Have a consistently moist to wet area that needs interesting plants
  • Want to create a unique, prehistoric-looking garden feature
  • Are developing a native plant garden
  • Appreciate plants with fascinating natural history
  • Need a hardy, low-maintenance option for challenging wet spots

This living fossil brings millions of years of survival wisdom to your garden, creating a unique focal point that connects you to the ancient natural world. With the right wet conditions and a little patience, Mackay’s horsetail can become a truly distinctive addition to your landscape.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Alaska

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Arid West

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Eastern Mountains and Piedmont

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Great Plains

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Midwest

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Northcentral & Northeast

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Horsetail

Classification

Group

Horsetail

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Equisetophyta - Horsetails

Subdivision
Class

Equisetopsida

Subclass
Order

Equisetales

Family

Equisetaceae Michx. ex DC. - Horsetail family

Genus

Equisetum L. - horsetail

Species

Equisetum ×mackaii (Newm.) Brichan [hyemale × variegatum] - horsetail

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA