North America Native Plant

Hooker’s Milkwort

Botanical name: Polygala hookeri

USDA symbol: POHO3

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Hooker’s Milkwort: A Rare Southeastern Native Worth Protecting Meet Hooker’s milkwort (Polygala hookeri), a charming but increasingly rare native wildflower that deserves a spotlight in conservation-minded gardens. This delicate annual forb might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it plays an important role in preserving our southeastern ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Alabama

Status: S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘

Region: Alabama

Hooker’s Milkwort: A Rare Southeastern Native Worth Protecting

Meet Hooker’s milkwort (Polygala hookeri), a charming but increasingly rare native wildflower that deserves a spotlight in conservation-minded gardens. This delicate annual forb might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it plays an important role in preserving our southeastern botanical heritage.

What Makes Hooker’s Milkwort Special?

Hooker’s milkwort is a small, herbaceous annual that produces delicate clusters of tiny white to pink flowers. As a forb, it lacks woody tissue and completes its entire life cycle within a single growing season. Don’t let its modest size fool you—this little plant packs a lot of ecological value into its petite frame.

Where Does It Call Home?

This southeastern native has quite a specific address. You’ll find Hooker’s milkwort naturally occurring across eight states: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas. It’s perfectly adapted to the unique growing conditions of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain regions.

A Plant That Needs Our Help

Important conservation note: Hooker’s milkwort is considered vulnerable, with a Global Conservation Status of S3. In Alabama, it’s even rarer with an S1S2 status. This means if you’re interested in growing this species, you should only obtain seeds or plants from reputable native plant nurseries that source their material responsibly—never collect from wild populations.

Growing Conditions and Care

Hooker’s milkwort has some specific preferences that reflect its wetland heritage:

  • Moisture: This plant loves consistent moisture and is classified as a facultative wetland species, meaning it usually grows in wetlands but can tolerate drier conditions
  • Hardiness: Thrives in USDA zones 8-10
  • Light: Adapts to partial shade through full sun
  • Soil: Prefers moist, acidic soils typical of southeastern wetland areas

Perfect Garden Situations

Hooker’s milkwort isn’t your typical border perennial, but it shines in specialized settings:

  • Native wildflower gardens focused on regional flora
  • Wetland restoration projects
  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Conservation plantings
  • Educational gardens showcasing rare native species

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

While specific research on Hooker’s milkwort’s wildlife relationships is limited, its small flowers likely provide nectar for tiny native bees, beneficial wasps, and other small pollinators. As a native annual, it also contributes to the complex web of relationships that support our regional ecosystems.

Should You Grow Hooker’s Milkwort?

If you’re passionate about native plant conservation and have the right growing conditions, Hooker’s milkwort can be a meaningful addition to your garden. However, this isn’t a plant for casual gardeners—it requires specific moisture conditions and should only be grown as part of conservation efforts.

Consider growing Hooker’s milkwort if you:

  • Have consistently moist garden areas
  • Are creating a native wetland garden
  • Want to support rare native plant conservation
  • Can source plants or seeds responsibly

The Bottom Line

Hooker’s milkwort may be small and rare, but it represents something much larger—our responsibility to protect and preserve native plant diversity. While it won’t give you the dramatic blooms of a showy native like cardinal flower, it offers the quiet satisfaction of knowing you’re helping conserve a vulnerable piece of our natural heritage. Just remember: always source responsibly and never collect from wild populations.

Hooker’s Milkwort

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Polygalales

Family

Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link - Milkwort family

Genus

Polygala L. - polygala

Species

Polygala hookeri Torr. & A. Gray - Hooker's milkwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA