North America Native Plant

Hooker’s Evening Primrose

Botanical name: Oenothera elata hookeri

USDA symbol: OEELH2

Life cycle: biennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Oenothera biennis L. var. hookeri (Torr. & A. Gray) B. Boivin (OEBIH2)  âš˜  Oenothera hookeri Torr. & A. Gray (OEHO)  âš˜  Oenothera hookeri Torr. & A. Gray ssp. montereyensis Munz (OEHOM)   

Hooker’s Evening Primrose: A Golden California Native Worth Growing If you’re looking for a native plant that brings both height and golden beauty to your California garden, Hooker’s evening primrose (Oenothera elata hookeri) might just be your new favorite. This striking biennial or perennial forb offers a perfect blend of ...

Hooker’s Evening Primrose: A Golden California Native Worth Growing

If you’re looking for a native plant that brings both height and golden beauty to your California garden, Hooker’s evening primrose (Oenothera elata hookeri) might just be your new favorite. This striking biennial or perennial forb offers a perfect blend of low-maintenance growing and showstopping summer blooms that’ll have your neighbors asking, What’s that gorgeous tall plant?

What Makes Hooker’s Evening Primrose Special

Don’t let the name fool you – there’s nothing prim about this primrose! Hooker’s evening primrose is a California native that can reach an impressive 5 feet tall with a rapid growth rate. Its bright yellow flowers put on quite the show during late summer, creating conspicuous blooms that stand tall and proud above coarse-textured green foliage.

This plant goes by its scientific name Oenothera elata hookeri, and you might also see it listed under several synonyms including Oenothera hookeri or Oenothera biennis var. hookeri. Botanists love their backup names, apparently!

Where Does It Call Home?

Hooker’s evening primrose is a true California native, naturally occurring throughout the Golden State. As a plant that’s adapted to local conditions over thousands of years, it’s perfectly suited to thrive in California gardens without the fuss that often comes with non-native plants.

Garden Design and Landscape Role

Standing at 5 feet tall with an erect, single-stem growth form, Hooker’s evening primrose makes an excellent choice for:

  • Back-of-the-border plantings in perennial gardens
  • Native plant landscapes and wildlife gardens
  • Natural or prairie-style garden designs
  • Areas where you want height without woody plants

Its rapid growth rate means you won’t be waiting years to see results, and the conspicuous yellow flowers provide a lovely late-summer color boost when many other plants are starting to wind down.

Growing Conditions: What Makes This Plant Happy

Here’s where Hooker’s evening primrose really shines – it’s refreshingly unfussy! This adaptable native can handle:

  • Various soil types (coarse, medium, or fine-textured soils)
  • pH levels from 7.0 to 8.5 (alkaline soils)
  • Low to medium drought conditions
  • Low fertility soils
  • Temperature lows down to -23°F

The plant prefers full sun and won’t tolerate shade well, so make sure to give it a bright, sunny spot in your garden. It’s also worth noting that this evening primrose needs at least 140 frost-free days, making it well-suited to California’s climate.

Planting and Care Tips

Growing Hooker’s evening primrose is surprisingly straightforward. The plant produces abundant seeds (about 1.4 million seeds per pound – talk about prolific!), and seed propagation is the way to go. Here are some key tips:

  • Sow seeds directly in fall or early spring
  • No cold stratification required, making propagation simple
  • Seedlings show high vigor once established
  • Plant spacing can range from 10,000 to 25,000 plants per acre for large-scale plantings
  • Water moderately during establishment, then reduce – this plant has low moisture requirements

Since this is either a biennial or short-lived perennial, don’t expect it to stick around forever in one spot. However, if you let it set seed, you’ll likely see new plants popping up to continue the show.

The Bottom Line

Hooker’s evening primrose offers California gardeners a fantastic opportunity to grow a true native that’s both beautiful and easy-going. Its tall stature, bright yellow blooms, and low-maintenance nature make it a winner for natural gardens, native landscapes, or anywhere you want to add height and summer color.

While we don’t have specific information about its pollinator or wildlife benefits, most evening primroses are known to support various beneficial insects. Plus, by choosing native plants like Hooker’s evening primrose, you’re supporting local ecosystems and creating habitat for native wildlife.

If you’re in California and looking for a native plant that delivers big impact with minimal fuss, give Hooker’s evening primrose a try. Your garden – and local wildlife – will thank you for it!

How

Hooker’s Evening Primrose

Grows

Growing season

Summer

Lifespan

Moderate

Growth form & shape

Single Stem and Erect

Growth rate

Rapid

Height at 20 years
Maximum height

5.0

Foliage color

Green

Summer foliage density

Porous

Winter foliage density

Porous

Foliage retention

No

Flowering

Yes

Flower color

Yellow

Fruit/seeds

Yes

Fruit/seed color
Allelopath

No

Nitrogen fixing

None

Toxic

None

C:N Ratio

Medium

Fire Resistant

No

Foliage Texture

Coarse

Low-growing Grass

No

Resproutability

No

Coppice Ability

No

Bloat

None

Hooker’s Evening Primrose

Growing Conditions

Adapted to Coarse Soil

Yes

Adapted to Medium Soil

Yes

Adapted to Fine Soil

Yes

Anaerobic tolerance

Low

CaCO₃ tolerance

High

Cold Stratification

No

Drought tolerance

Medium

Nutrient requirement

Low

Fire tolerance

None

Frost-free days minimum

140

Hedge tolerance

None

Moisture requirement

Low

pH range

7.0 to 8.5

Plants per acre

10000 to 25000

Precipitation range (in)

10 to 15

Min root depth (in)

6

Salt tolerance

Low

Shade tolerance

Intolerant

Min temperature (F)

-23

Cultivating

Hooker’s Evening Primrose

Flowering season

Late Summer

Commercial availability

Contracting Only

Fruit/seed abundance

High

Fruit/seed season

Summer to Fall

Fruit/seed persistence

No

Propagated by bare root

No

Propagated by bulb

No

Propagated by container

No

Propagated by corm

No

Propagated by cuttings

No

Propagated by seed

Yes

Propagated by sod

No

Propagated by sprigs

No

Propagated by tubers

No

Seed per pound

1400000

Seed spread rate

Moderate

Seedling vigor

High

Small grain

No

Vegetative spread rate

None

Hooker’s Evening Primrose

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Myrtales

Family

Onagraceae Juss. - Evening Primrose family

Genus

Oenothera L. - evening primrose

Species

Oenothera elata Kunth - Hooker's evening primrose

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA