North America Native Plant

Heath Dog Violet

Botanical name: Viola canina montana

USDA symbol: VICAM

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Greenland  

Synonyms: Viola canina L. var. montana (L.) Lange (VICAM3)   

Heath Dog Violet: A Mysterious Arctic Beauty Meet the heath dog violet (Viola canina montana), a little-known member of the beloved violet family that calls the harsh landscapes of Greenland home. While most gardeners are familiar with common violets that pop up in lawns and gardens, this particular subspecies remains ...

Heath Dog Violet: A Mysterious Arctic Beauty

Meet the heath dog violet (Viola canina montana), a little-known member of the beloved violet family that calls the harsh landscapes of Greenland home. While most gardeners are familiar with common violets that pop up in lawns and gardens, this particular subspecies remains something of an enigma in the horticultural world.

What Makes Heath Dog Violet Special?

The heath dog violet is a perennial forb, which simply means it’s a non-woody herbaceous plant that comes back year after year. Like other violets, it lacks the thick, woody stems of shrubs and trees, instead growing from buds at or below ground level. This hardy little plant has adapted to survive in one of the world’s most challenging environments – the Arctic tundra of Greenland.

Also known scientifically by its synonym Viola canina L. var. montana (L.) Lange, this violet represents nature’s incredible ability to adapt and thrive in extreme conditions.

Where Does It Grow Naturally?

The heath dog violet is native to Greenland, where it has evolved to withstand the extreme cold and short growing seasons typical of Arctic regions. Unfortunately, detailed information about its specific geographical distribution within Greenland and potentially other Arctic locations remains limited in readily available botanical literature.

Should You Try Growing Heath Dog Violet?

Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit challenging. While the heath dog violet sounds like it could be a fascinating addition to a cold-climate garden, there’s remarkably little information available about successfully cultivating this specific subspecies. This lack of horticultural guidance suggests it may be:

  • Extremely difficult to grow outside its native Arctic environment
  • Rarely available in the horticultural trade
  • Requiring very specific growing conditions that are hard to replicate
  • Simply understudied from a gardening perspective

What We Don’t Know (Yet)

Unfortunately, many details about the heath dog violet remain mysteries, including:

  • Specific growing conditions and care requirements
  • USDA hardiness zones
  • Pollinator and wildlife benefits
  • Mature size and growth rate
  • Propagation methods
  • Availability in nurseries or seed catalogs

Better Alternatives for Your Garden

If you’re drawn to the idea of growing violets in your garden, you’ll have much better luck with other native violet species that are more widely available and better understood horticulturally. Consider researching native violets in your specific region, such as:

  • Common blue violet (Viola sororia) for eastern North America
  • Early blue violet (Viola adunca) for western regions
  • Sweet white violet (Viola blanda) for woodland gardens

These alternatives will provide similar charm and ecological benefits while being much more practical to grow and maintain in typical garden settings.

The Bottom Line

The heath dog violet represents one of those fascinating plants that remind us how much we still don’t know about the botanical world. While it may not be practical for most home gardeners, its existence speaks to the incredible diversity and adaptability of the violet family. For now, this Arctic beauty is probably best appreciated from afar while we stick to more garden-friendly violet varieties that can actually thrive in our home landscapes.

Heath Dog Violet

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Violales

Family

Violaceae Batsch - Violet family

Genus

Viola L. - violet

Species

Viola canina L. - dog violet

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA