North America Native Plant

Heartleaf Maiden Fern

Botanical name: Thelypteris cordata var. imitata

USDA symbol: THCOI

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Synonyms: Dryopteris imitata C. Chr. (DRIM)   

Heartleaf Maiden Fern: A Native Puerto Rican Treasure Meet the heartleaf maiden fern (Thelypteris cordata var. imitata), a charming native fern species that calls the beautiful island of Puerto Rico home. While this particular variety might not be a household name in gardening circles, it represents an important piece of ...

Heartleaf Maiden Fern: A Native Puerto Rican Treasure

Meet the heartleaf maiden fern (Thelypteris cordata var. imitata), a charming native fern species that calls the beautiful island of Puerto Rico home. While this particular variety might not be a household name in gardening circles, it represents an important piece of Puerto Rico’s natural botanical heritage.

What Makes This Fern Special?

The heartleaf maiden fern belongs to the Thelypteris genus, a group commonly known as maiden ferns. Despite some botanical databases classifying it differently, this is indeed a true fern—not an herbaceous flowering plant. You might also encounter it under its scientific synonym, Dryopteris imitata, in older botanical references.

As a perennial species, this fern has adapted to thrive in Puerto Rico’s tropical climate year after year, making it a permanent fixture in its native ecosystem.

Where Does It Grow?

This fern is exclusively native to Puerto Rico, making it a true island endemic. Its limited geographic range makes it a special representative of Puerto Rico’s unique flora.

Should You Grow Heartleaf Maiden Fern?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky—and honestly, quite fascinating from a botanical perspective. While this fern is undoubtedly a beautiful native species, there’s remarkably little information available about its cultivation requirements, garden performance, or availability in the horticultural trade.

If you’re gardening in Puerto Rico or similar tropical climates, this fern could potentially be a wonderful addition to a native plant garden. However, given the limited cultivation information, you’d be somewhat pioneering its use in landscaping.

What We Don’t Know (But Wish We Did!)

Unfortunately, detailed information about this particular variety remains elusive. We don’t currently have solid data on:

  • Specific growing conditions and care requirements
  • Mature size and growth habits
  • Preferred soil types and moisture levels
  • Propagation methods
  • Wildlife benefits and ecological relationships
  • Availability from nurseries or native plant societies

The Native Plant Advantage

What we do know is that native plants like the heartleaf maiden fern offer incredible benefits to local ecosystems. Native ferns typically:

  • Provide habitat and food sources for local wildlife
  • Require less maintenance once established
  • Support local biodiversity
  • Are naturally adapted to local climate conditions

A Call to Fellow Plant Enthusiasts

If you’re a gardener in Puerto Rico or have experience with this particular fern variety, we’d love to hear from you! The native plant community thrives on shared knowledge and experiences. Your observations about growing conditions, wildlife interactions, or simply spotting this fern in the wild could help other gardeners appreciate and potentially cultivate this native treasure.

The heartleaf maiden fern reminds us that there’s still so much to discover about our native plant communities—even in our own backyards. Sometimes the most rewarding gardening adventures come from exploring the lesser-known natives that have been quietly thriving in their home landscapes for countless generations.

Heartleaf Maiden Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic. Serm. - Marsh Fern family

Genus

Thelypteris Schmidel - maiden fern

Species

Thelypteris cordata (Fée) Proctor - heartleaf maiden fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA