North America Native Plant

Heartleaf Maiden Fern

Botanical name: Thelypteris cordata

USDA symbol: THCO4

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Heartleaf Maiden Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Knowing If you’re a fern enthusiast with a passion for rare native species, the heartleaf maiden fern (Thelypteris cordata) might just pique your interest. This lesser-known perennial fern is a true Puerto Rican native, making it a special addition to the ...

Heartleaf Maiden Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Knowing

If you’re a fern enthusiast with a passion for rare native species, the heartleaf maiden fern (Thelypteris cordata) might just pique your interest. This lesser-known perennial fern is a true Puerto Rican native, making it a special addition to the island’s rich botanical heritage.

What Makes This Fern Special?

The heartleaf maiden fern belongs to the Thelypteris genus, a group known for their delicate, lacy fronds and adaptability to various growing conditions. As its common name suggests, this fern likely features heart-shaped characteristics that distinguish it from its maiden fern relatives.

Unlike flowering plants, ferns like Thelypteris cordata don’t produce blooms or attract pollinators in the traditional sense. Instead, they reproduce through spores and add their own unique charm to shaded garden spaces through their elegant foliage.

Where Does It Grow?

This fern is endemic to Puerto Rico, meaning it naturally occurs nowhere else in the world. Its limited geographical distribution makes it a true island treasure.

Should You Grow Heartleaf Maiden Fern?

Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit cautious. Given the limited information available about this species and its restricted range, Thelypteris cordata may be quite rare. If you’re considering adding it to your garden, here are some important points to consider:

  • Rarity concerns: With such a limited distribution, this fern may be uncommon or vulnerable
  • Responsible sourcing: If available, only obtain plants from reputable nurseries that can verify ethical propagation
  • Climate requirements: As a Puerto Rican native, it likely thrives in USDA zones 10-11 with warm, humid conditions year-round
  • Garden role: Perfect for collectors of rare native species or specialized tropical fern gardens

Growing Conditions and Care

While specific care information for Thelypteris cordata is limited, most maiden ferns share similar preferences:

  • Light: Partial to full shade
  • Moisture: Consistent humidity and well-draining but moist soil
  • Temperature: Warm, tropical conditions similar to Puerto Rico’s climate
  • Soil: Rich, organic matter with good drainage

Alternative Native Ferns

If you’re drawn to native ferns but Thelypteris cordata proves difficult to source, consider exploring other native fern species appropriate for your region. Many areas have their own beautiful native maiden ferns and related species that can provide similar aesthetic appeal while supporting local ecosystems.

The Bottom Line

The heartleaf maiden fern represents the fascinating diversity of Puerto Rico’s native flora. While its rarity and limited availability make it more of a collector’s plant than a common garden choice, it serves as a reminder of the importance of preserving our unique native species. If you do encounter this fern, treat it with the respect due to a potentially rare native treasure.

For most gardeners, focusing on locally native fern species will provide better results and greater ecological benefits. But for the dedicated fern enthusiast or native plant collector, Thelypteris cordata remains an intriguing piece of Puerto Rico’s botanical puzzle.

Heartleaf Maiden Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic. Serm. - Marsh Fern family

Genus

Thelypteris Schmidel - maiden fern

Species

Thelypteris cordata (Fée) Proctor - heartleaf maiden fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA