North America Native Plant

Hawthorn

Botanical name: Crataegus ×haemacarpa

USDA symbol: CRHA3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Crataegus media Sarg., non Bechst., nom. illeg. (CRME8)   

Hawthorn (Crataegus ×haemacarpa): A Lesser-Known Hybrid Worth Understanding If you’ve stumbled across the name Crataegus ×haemacarpa in your plant research, you might be scratching your head wondering what exactly this hawthorn is all about. Don’t worry – you’re not alone! This particular hybrid hawthorn is one of those botanical mysteries ...

Hawthorn (Crataegus ×haemacarpa): A Lesser-Known Hybrid Worth Understanding

If you’ve stumbled across the name Crataegus ×haemacarpa in your plant research, you might be scratching your head wondering what exactly this hawthorn is all about. Don’t worry – you’re not alone! This particular hybrid hawthorn is one of those botanical mysteries that keeps even seasoned gardeners guessing.

What Exactly Is Crataegus ×haemacarpa?

The × symbol in the name tells us we’re dealing with a hybrid – essentially nature’s way of mixing and matching different hawthorn species. This perennial shrub typically grows as a multi-stemmed woody plant, usually staying under 13-16 feet tall, though it can occasionally stretch taller depending on growing conditions.

You might also see this plant listed under its synonym, Crataegus media Sarg., though botanists have since determined that name was improperly used.

Where Does It Grow?

Here’s where things get interesting. While this hawthorn is considered native to the lower 48 United States, it has a somewhat scattered distribution. You’ll find it growing in Connecticut, North Carolina, West Virginia, and it’s even made its way north to Ontario, Canada, where it reproduces on its own in the wild.

The Mystery Factor

Here’s the thing about Crataegus ×haemacarpa – it’s something of an enigma in the plant world. Unlike many popular garden plants, detailed information about its specific growing requirements, wildlife benefits, and landscape applications is surprisingly scarce. This makes it a bit of a wildcard for gardeners considering adding it to their landscapes.

Should You Plant It?

Given the limited information available about this particular hybrid, making a strong case for or against planting it is challenging. Since it’s non-native in some areas where it grows and we don’t have clear data on its invasive potential, the cautious approach might be best.

If you’re drawn to hawthorns for your garden, consider these alternatives:

  • Research well-documented native hawthorn species in your region
  • Look for hawthorns with proven track records for wildlife support
  • Choose species with established cultivation guidelines

The Bottom Line

Crataegus ×haemacarpa represents one of those fascinating botanical puzzles – a plant that exists in nature but hasn’t been extensively studied or widely cultivated. While there’s nothing inherently wrong with this hybrid hawthorn, the lack of detailed information makes it a less practical choice for most gardeners.

If you’re passionate about hawthorns, you’ll likely find more success and satisfaction with better-documented species that offer clear benefits to both your garden and local wildlife. Sometimes the most mysterious plants are best left to the botanists and plant explorers, while we gardeners focus on species that come with a roadmap for success.

Hawthorn

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Rosales

Family

Rosaceae Juss. - Rose family

Genus

Crataegus L. - hawthorn

Species

Crataegus ×haemacarpa Ashe (pro sp.) [flabellata × pruinosa] - hawthorn

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA