North America Native Plant

Hawai’ian Buttercup

Botanical name: Ranunculus hawaiensis

USDA symbol: RAHA2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Hawai’ian Buttercup: A Precious Gem Too Rare for Your Garden Meet the Hawai’ian buttercup (Ranunculus hawaiensis), one of Hawaii’s most endangered botanical treasures. While its cheerful yellow blooms might catch your eye, this isn’t a plant you’ll want to add to your shopping list – and here’s why. A Plant ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: United States

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Endangered: In danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. ⚘

Region: United States

Hawai’ian Buttercup: A Precious Gem Too Rare for Your Garden

Meet the Hawai’ian buttercup (Ranunculus hawaiensis), one of Hawaii’s most endangered botanical treasures. While its cheerful yellow blooms might catch your eye, this isn’t a plant you’ll want to add to your shopping list – and here’s why.

A Plant on the Edge of Extinction

The Hawai’ian buttercup holds the sobering distinction of being critically imperiled, with a Global Conservation Status of S1. What does this mean? We’re talking about a species with typically five or fewer occurrences and fewer than 1,000 individuals remaining in the wild. It’s also listed as Endangered under federal protection, making it one of Hawaii’s rarest native plants.

Where It Calls Home

This endemic Hawaiian species is found nowhere else on Earth except within the Hawaiian islands. Its distribution is extremely limited, existing only in very specific, undisturbed native habitats that are becoming increasingly rare themselves.

What Makes It Special

As a member of the buttercup family, Ranunculus hawaiensis produces the characteristic bright yellow flowers that make buttercups so recognizable. This perennial forb – a fancy term for a non-woody herbaceous plant – represents millions of years of isolated evolution in the Pacific.

Why You Shouldn’t Plant It (But Should Care About It)

Here’s the deal: the Hawai’ian buttercup is far too rare and precious for home gardening. Every remaining plant in the wild is crucial for the species’ survival, and removing seeds or plants from their natural habitat could push this species closer to extinction.

Additionally, the specific growing conditions this plant requires are not well understood, making successful cultivation extremely challenging even for professional botanists and conservation specialists.

How You Can Help Instead

While you can’t grow this beauty in your backyard, you can support its conservation in other meaningful ways:

  • Support Hawaiian native plant conservation organizations
  • Choose other native Hawaiian plants for your garden if you live in Hawaii
  • Participate in habitat restoration projects
  • Spread awareness about Hawaii’s endangered flora

Growing Conditions (For Conservation Professionals Only)

The Hawai’ian buttercup thrives in Hawaii’s tropical climate, corresponding to USDA hardiness zones 10-12. However, its specific soil, moisture, and habitat requirements remain poorly documented due to its extreme rarity. Any cultivation attempts should only be undertaken by qualified conservation professionals using responsibly sourced material from established conservation programs.

The Bigger Picture

The story of Ranunculus hawaiensis reminds us that not every beautiful plant belongs in our gardens. Sometimes, the most loving thing we can do is admire from afar and work to protect what little remains. Hawaii has lost many of its native species already – let’s not lose this one too.

Instead of trying to grow this endangered gem, consider planting other native Hawaiian species that are more abundant and better suited for cultivation. Your local native plant society can point you toward beautiful alternatives that will thrive in your garden while supporting local ecosystems.

Hawai’ian Buttercup

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Magnoliidae

Order

Ranunculales

Family

Ranunculaceae Juss. - Buttercup family

Genus

Ranunculus L. - buttercup

Species

Ranunculus hawaiensis A. Gray - Hawai'ian buttercup

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA