North America Native Plant

Harris’ Thelenella Lichen

Botanical name: Thelenella harrisii

USDA symbol: THHA3

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Harris’ Thelenella Lichen: A Tiny Garden Detective You Never Knew You Had Have you ever noticed those small, crusty patches on tree bark and wondered what they were? Meet Harris’ thelenella lichen (Thelenella harrisii), a fascinating little organism that might already be living in your garden without you even knowing ...

Harris’ Thelenella Lichen: A Tiny Garden Detective You Never Knew You Had

Have you ever noticed those small, crusty patches on tree bark and wondered what they were? Meet Harris’ thelenella lichen (Thelenella harrisii), a fascinating little organism that might already be living in your garden without you even knowing it!

What Exactly Is Harris’ Thelenella Lichen?

Harris’ thelenella lichen isn’t actually a plant at all – it’s a remarkable partnership between a fungus and an algae working together in perfect harmony. This crustose lichen forms thin, often barely noticeable patches on tree bark, making it one of nature’s more subtle residents.

As a native species to North America, particularly found in the eastern regions including the southeastern United States, this lichen has been quietly contributing to our local ecosystems for countless years.

Spotting Harris’ Thelenella in Your Garden

Identifying this lichen can be quite the treasure hunt! Here’s what to look for:

  • Thin, crusty patches that seem almost painted onto tree bark
  • Usually found on the bark of various tree species
  • Inconspicuous appearance – you might need to look closely to notice it
  • Forms small colonies rather than large, obvious growths

Is It Beneficial to Have in Your Garden?

Absolutely! While you can’t plant or cultivate Harris’ thelenella lichen (lichens simply don’t work that way), having it naturally occur in your garden is actually a wonderful sign. Here’s why:

  • Air quality indicator: Lichens are sensitive to air pollution, so their presence suggests you have relatively clean air
  • Ecosystem health: They contribute to the complex web of microorganisms that keep natural systems balanced
  • No harm to trees: Unlike some organisms, lichens don’t damage their host trees – they’re just hitching a ride

Why You Can’t (And Don’t Need To) Grow It

Here’s where Harris’ thelenella lichen differs from your typical garden plants – you simply cannot cultivate it. Lichens require very specific environmental conditions, air quality levels, and substrate characteristics that are impossible to replicate artificially. But here’s the good news: you don’t need to!

If your garden has the right conditions – mature trees, good air quality, and natural ecosystem balance – Harris’ thelenella lichen may find its way to you on its own. It’s like having a tiny environmental seal of approval right in your backyard.

Creating Lichen-Friendly Conditions

While you can’t plant lichens, you can create conditions that might welcome them naturally:

  • Maintain mature trees with textured bark
  • Avoid excessive use of chemical treatments near trees
  • Support overall garden biodiversity
  • Be patient – lichens grow very slowly and establish on their own timeline

The Bottom Line

Harris’ thelenella lichen is one of those garden residents that works behind the scenes, contributing to the health and complexity of your outdoor space without asking for anything in return. You can’t buy it at the nursery or add it to your planting list, but if you’re lucky enough to spot these tiny crusty patches on your trees, take a moment to appreciate these remarkable little partnerships between fungus and algae that have been thriving in North American ecosystems for ages.

Next time you’re in your garden, take a closer look at your tree bark – you might just discover you’ve been hosting Harris’ thelenella lichen all along!

Harris’ Thelenella Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order
Family

Thelenellaceae O.E. Erikss. ex H. Mayrhofer

Genus

Thelenella Nyl. - thelenella lichen

Species

Thelenella harrisii H. Mayrh. - Harris' thelenella lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA