North America Native Plant

Harlequinbush

Botanical name: Oenothera hexandra gracilis

USDA symbol: OEHEG2

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Gaura gracilis Wooton & Standl. (GAGR9)  âš˜  Gaura gracilis Wooton & Standl. var. typica Munz (GAGRT)  âš˜  Gaura hexandra Ortega ssp. gracilis (Wooton & Standl.) P.H. Raven & D.P. Greg. (GAHEG)   

Harlequinbush: A Lesser-Known Native Wildflower Worth Discovering If you’re on the hunt for native plants that fly under the radar, let me introduce you to harlequinbush (Oenothera hexandra gracilis). This annual wildflower might not be the showiest plant in your garden center, but it’s got that understated charm that native ...

Harlequinbush: A Lesser-Known Native Wildflower Worth Discovering

If you’re on the hunt for native plants that fly under the radar, let me introduce you to harlequinbush (Oenothera hexandra gracilis). This annual wildflower might not be the showiest plant in your garden center, but it’s got that understated charm that native plant enthusiasts absolutely adore.

Meet the Harlequinbush

Harlequinbush belongs to the evening primrose family and goes by the botanical name Oenothera hexandra gracilis. You might also see it listed under its synonyms Gaura gracilis in older gardening references. As a forb – basically a fancy term for a non-woody flowering plant – this little beauty keeps things simple with its annual lifecycle.

Where Does Harlequinbush Call Home?

This native wildflower has made itself at home across the American Southwest, specifically in Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. It’s perfectly adapted to the unique growing conditions of this region, making it a natural choice for gardeners in these areas who want to work with nature rather than against it.

Why Consider Harlequinbush for Your Garden?

Here’s the thing about harlequinbush – it’s what I like to call a garden mystery plant. While it doesn’t have the celebrity status of some other native wildflowers, that’s actually part of its appeal:

  • It’s genuinely native to the Southwest, supporting local ecosystems
  • As an annual, it won’t take over your garden permanently
  • It’s likely adapted to local climate conditions without extra fussing
  • You’ll be growing something truly unique that most gardeners haven’t heard of

The Challenge with Harlequinbush

I’ll be honest with you – harlequinbush is a bit of an enigma in the gardening world. Unlike popular natives that have detailed growing guides and endless photos online, this particular variety keeps a low profile. That means finding specific growing information, seeds, or plants might require some detective work on your part.

Growing Harlequinbush Successfully

Since detailed growing information for this specific variety is limited, your best bet is to mimic the conditions where it naturally thrives in the Southwest:

  • Provide full sun exposure
  • Ensure excellent drainage (most Southwest natives hate wet feet)
  • Don’t overwater – these plants are adapted to natural rainfall patterns
  • Plant in spring after the last frost since it’s an annual

Finding Harlequinbush

This is where things get interesting. Because harlequinbush isn’t widely cultivated, you might need to:

  • Contact native plant societies in Arizona, New Mexico, or Texas
  • Check with local native plant nurseries
  • Connect with native seed suppliers who specialize in regional wildflowers
  • Join online native plant groups where members sometimes share rare seeds

Is Harlequinbush Right for Your Garden?

Consider harlequinbush if you’re located in its native range and you love the thrill of growing something truly uncommon. It’s perfect for native plant collectors, wildflower enthusiasts, or anyone creating a authentic Southwest landscape. Just be prepared for the challenge of actually finding this elusive beauty!

If you can’t locate harlequinbush, don’t despair. The Southwest is home to many other spectacular native Oenothera species that are more readily available and equally worthy of your garden space. Sometimes the best gardening adventures start with the plants that make us work a little harder to find them.

Harlequinbush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Myrtales

Family

Onagraceae Juss. - Evening Primrose family

Genus

Oenothera L. - evening primrose

Species

Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L. Wagner & Hoch - harlequinbush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA