North America Native Plant

Harlequinbush

Botanical name: Oenothera hexandra

USDA symbol: OEHE5

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Gaura hexandra Ortega (GAHE2)   

Harlequinbush: A Rare Native Gem of the Southwest If you’ve stumbled upon the name harlequinbush in your native plant research, you’ve discovered one of the Southwest’s best-kept secrets. This little-known annual, scientifically called Oenothera hexandra, is a true native treasure that’s as elusive as it is intriguing. What Exactly Is ...

Harlequinbush: A Rare Native Gem of the Southwest

If you’ve stumbled upon the name harlequinbush in your native plant research, you’ve discovered one of the Southwest’s best-kept secrets. This little-known annual, scientifically called Oenothera hexandra, is a true native treasure that’s as elusive as it is intriguing.

What Exactly Is Harlequinbush?

Harlequinbush belongs to the evening primrose family and is classified as a forb – basically a fancy way of saying it’s an herbaceous flowering plant without woody stems. As an annual, it completes its entire life cycle in just one growing season, making every encounter with this plant somewhat special.

You might also see this plant referred to by its synonym, Gaura hexandra, in older botanical references. Don’t let the name shuffle confuse you – it’s the same remarkable little plant.

Where Does Harlequinbush Call Home?

This native beauty has carved out a niche for itself in the American Southwest, specifically calling Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas home. Its preference for this region tells us something important about its character – it’s likely a tough, drought-adapted survivor that knows how to thrive in challenging desert conditions.

The Rarity Factor: Why You Might Never See One

Here’s where things get interesting (and a bit disappointing for eager gardeners). Harlequinbush is extremely rare, with very limited documentation about its appearance, growing habits, or cultivation requirements. This isn’t a plant you’ll find at your local nursery or even most specialty native plant sales.

Should You Try to Grow Harlequinbush?

While the idea of growing such a rare native is certainly appealing, the reality is quite different. The extreme rarity of Oenothera hexandra means that:

  • Seeds or plants are virtually impossible to source commercially
  • Its specific growing requirements remain largely unknown
  • Any specimens found in the wild should be left undisturbed to preserve wild populations
  • Responsible conservation suggests supporting this species in its natural habitat rather than attempting cultivation

Better Alternatives for Your Native Garden

If you’re drawn to the idea of growing southwestern natives from the evening primrose family, consider these more readily available alternatives:

  • Pink evening primrose (Oenothera speciosa) – A hardy perennial with gorgeous pink blooms
  • White evening primrose (Oenothera pallida) – Perfect for moon gardens with its nocturnal white flowers
  • Mexican buckeye (Ungnadia speciosa) – Another southwestern native that’s easier to source and grow
  • Desert willow (Chilopsis linearis) – A drought-tolerant native shrub perfect for xeriscaping

The Bottom Line on Harlequinbush

Sometimes the most fascinating plants are the ones we admire from afar. Harlequinbush represents the wild, untamed spirit of the American Southwest – a reminder that not every beautiful native needs to find its way into our gardens to be appreciated. Instead, we can honor this rare species by protecting its natural habitat and choosing other wonderful southwestern natives that are more suitable for cultivation.

If you’re passionate about supporting rare native plants, consider volunteering with local native plant societies or habitat restoration projects. That’s where you can make the biggest difference for species like harlequinbush – in their own backyard, so to speak.

Harlequinbush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Myrtales

Family

Onagraceae Juss. - Evening Primrose family

Genus

Oenothera L. - evening primrose

Species

Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L. Wagner & Hoch - harlequinbush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA