North America Native Plant

Hand Bonnet Orchid

Botanical name: Pleurothallis appendiculata

USDA symbol: PLAP

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Hand Bonnet Orchid: A Delicate Puerto Rican Native for Orchid Enthusiasts Meet the hand bonnet orchid (Pleurothallis appendiculata), a charming little native that calls Puerto Rico home. This petite perennial orchid might not win any size contests, but what it lacks in stature, it makes up for in delicate beauty ...

Hand Bonnet Orchid: A Delicate Puerto Rican Native for Orchid Enthusiasts

Meet the hand bonnet orchid (Pleurothallis appendiculata), a charming little native that calls Puerto Rico home. This petite perennial orchid might not win any size contests, but what it lacks in stature, it makes up for in delicate beauty and ecological importance. If you’re an orchid enthusiast looking to add a touch of Caribbean flair to your collection while supporting native biodiversity, this might just be your next green obsession.

Where You’ll Find This Puerto Rican Gem

The hand bonnet orchid is endemic to Puerto Rico, where it thrives in the island’s lush cloud forests and humid montane regions. This makes it a true island specialty – you won’t find this little beauty growing wild anywhere else in the world.

What Makes It Special

Don’t expect flashy, dinner-plate-sized blooms with this one. The hand bonnet orchid is all about subtle elegance. Its small, intricate flowers typically display greenish or purplish hues that might seem modest at first glance, but up close, they reveal fascinating details that only orchids can deliver. As a forb (essentially a non-woody perennial plant), it maintains a compact, delicate appearance that fits perfectly into specialized growing spaces.

Why Grow Hand Bonnet Orchid?

Here are some compelling reasons to consider this Puerto Rican native:

  • You’ll be supporting biodiversity by growing a plant native to a specific ecosystem
  • It’s perfect for collectors who appreciate unique, lesser-known orchid species
  • The intricate flower structure provides endless fascination for close-up observation
  • It attracts small flies and gnats, contributing to pollinator diversity in greenhouse settings
  • Its compact size makes it ideal for small spaces or specialized orchid collections

The Reality Check: Is This Orchid Right for You?

Let’s be honest – this isn’t a beginner’s orchid. The hand bonnet orchid has some pretty specific needs that might challenge novice growers. It’s definitely more suited for experienced orchid enthusiasts or those willing to invest in proper growing conditions.

Growing Conditions: Creating a Puerto Rican Paradise

To keep your hand bonnet orchid happy, you’ll need to recreate its native cloud forest environment:

  • Humidity: Maintain 70-80% humidity – think tropical rainforest, not desert
  • Light: Bright, filtered light (no direct sun, please!)
  • Temperature: Consistent warmth with good air circulation
  • Growing medium: Well-draining epiphytic mix or mounted on bark
  • Moisture: Keep consistently moist but never soggy

Climate Considerations

This tropical beauty is only hardy in USDA zones 10-12, which means most gardeners will need to grow it indoors or in a heated greenhouse. If you live in a cooler climate, think of it as a special houseplant that needs some extra attention.

Planting and Care Tips

Success with hand bonnet orchids comes down to mimicking their natural epiphytic lifestyle:

  • Mount on cork bark or tree fern plaques for the most natural growing experience
  • Alternatively, use a chunky orchid bark mix in a well-draining pot
  • Water regularly but ensure excellent drainage – soggy roots spell disaster
  • Provide consistent air circulation to prevent fungal issues
  • Feed with diluted orchid fertilizer during growing season
  • Monitor humidity levels with a hygrometer

The Bottom Line

The hand bonnet orchid isn’t for everyone, but for the right gardener, it’s a treasure. If you have experience with orchids, can provide the specialized growing conditions, and appreciate subtle beauty over showy displays, this Puerto Rican native could become a prized addition to your collection. Just remember – with great beauty comes great responsibility to provide proper care!

Whether you’re supporting native plant conservation or simply expanding your orchid horizons, Pleurothallis appendiculata offers a unique opportunity to grow something truly special. Just make sure you’re ready for the commitment this little beauty requires.

Hand Bonnet Orchid

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Liliidae

Order

Orchidales

Family

Orchidaceae Juss. - Orchid family

Genus

Pleurothallis R. Br. - bonnet orchid

Species

Pleurothallis appendiculata Cogn. - hand bonnet orchid

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA