North America Native Plant

Hairy Cup Orchid

Botanical name: Brachionidium ciliolatum

USDA symbol: BRCI4

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

The Hairy Cup Orchid: A Rare Puerto Rican Treasure Worth Protecting If you’re an orchid enthusiast with a passion for rare and unusual species, the hairy cup orchid (Brachionidium ciliolatum) might catch your attention. But before you start dreaming of adding this delicate beauty to your collection, there’s something crucial ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

The Hairy Cup Orchid: A Rare Puerto Rican Treasure Worth Protecting

If you’re an orchid enthusiast with a passion for rare and unusual species, the hairy cup orchid (Brachionidium ciliolatum) might catch your attention. But before you start dreaming of adding this delicate beauty to your collection, there’s something crucial you need to know: this tiny orchid is fighting for survival.

A Critically Endangered Native

The hairy cup orchid is a perennial native exclusively to Puerto Rico, where it clings to life in the island’s misty cloud forests and mountainous regions. Unfortunately, this species carries a Global Conservation Status of S1, meaning it’s critically imperiled. With typically five or fewer known occurrences and very few remaining individuals (less than 1,000), this orchid is teetering on the edge of extinction.

What Makes This Orchid Special

Despite its precarious status, the hairy cup orchid is undeniably captivating. True to its common name, this small epiphytic orchid produces delicate flowers adorned with fine hairs on the sepals and petals, giving them a distinctly fuzzy appearance. The blooms are typically white or cream-colored, creating an ethereal presence in their natural cloud forest habitat.

Should You Grow the Hairy Cup Orchid?

Here’s where we need to have an honest conversation. While the hairy cup orchid is undoubtedly beautiful and fascinating, its critically imperiled status means that cultivation should only be attempted with responsibly sourced material from established conservation programs or reputable orchid specialists working in species preservation.

This isn’t a plant for beginners or casual orchid growers. Its rarity, combined with very specific growing requirements, makes it suitable only for:

  • Experienced orchid specialists
  • Conservation-focused growers
  • Botanical institutions
  • Those participating in species recovery programs

Growing Conditions for the Brave

If you’re working with a conservation program or have access to responsibly sourced plants, the hairy cup orchid requires conditions that mimic its native cloud forest environment:

Climate Requirements:

  • USDA hardiness zones 11-12 (greenhouse cultivation required elsewhere)
  • High humidity levels (70-90%)
  • Cool to intermediate temperatures
  • Excellent air circulation

Light and Mounting:

  • Bright, indirect light
  • Mount on tree fern fiber or cork bark
  • Avoid potting in traditional orchid media

Watering and Humidity:

  • Consistent moisture without waterlogging
  • Regular misting to maintain humidity
  • Pure water (rainwater or distilled preferred)

The Conservation Angle

Rather than focusing solely on cultivation, consider supporting conservation efforts for the hairy cup orchid. Puerto Rico’s cloud forests face ongoing threats from climate change, deforestation, and development pressure. Supporting organizations working to protect these ecosystems helps ensure that future generations might still encounter this remarkable orchid in the wild.

Alternative Orchids to Consider

If the hairy cup orchid has sparked your interest in small, unusual orchids, consider these more readily available alternatives that won’t contribute to pressure on wild populations:

  • Other Brachionidium species that are not critically endangered
  • Pleurothallis species
  • Small Bulbophyllum varieties
  • Masdevallia species

The Bottom Line

The hairy cup orchid represents both the incredible diversity of Puerto Rico’s native flora and the urgent need for plant conservation. While it’s a stunning species that would be a crown jewel in any orchid collection, its critically imperiled status means that admiration might best be expressed through conservation support rather than cultivation.

For those with the expertise and access to conservation-grade material, growing this orchid can be part of important species recovery efforts. For everyone else, learning about and supporting the preservation of Puerto Rico’s unique cloud forest ecosystems is perhaps the most meaningful way to help ensure the hairy cup orchid’s survival.

Hairy Cup Orchid

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Liliidae

Order

Orchidales

Family

Orchidaceae Juss. - Orchid family

Genus

Brachionidium Lindl. - cup orchid

Species

Brachionidium ciliolatum Garay - hairy cup orchid

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA