North America Native Plant

Gulf Coast Spikerush

Botanical name: Eleocharis cellulosa

USDA symbol: ELCE

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to Puerto Rico âš˜ Native to the U.S. Virgin Islands  

Gulf Coast Spikerush: A Native Wetland Gem for Water-Loving Gardens If you’re looking to create a thriving wetland garden or need a reliable native plant for those perpetually soggy spots in your yard, Gulf Coast spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa) might just be your new best friend. This unassuming perennial grass-like plant ...

Gulf Coast Spikerush: A Native Wetland Gem for Water-Loving Gardens

If you’re looking to create a thriving wetland garden or need a reliable native plant for those perpetually soggy spots in your yard, Gulf Coast spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa) might just be your new best friend. This unassuming perennial grass-like plant is a true wetland specialist that brings both ecological value and subtle beauty to water-focused landscapes.

What Makes Gulf Coast Spikerush Special?

Gulf Coast spikerush is a native perennial that belongs to the sedge family, giving it that distinctive grass-like appearance that wetland enthusiasts know and love. Don’t let its modest looks fool you – this plant is a workhorse in wet environments, reaching up to 2.6 feet tall with slender, upright stems that create lovely vertical texture in the landscape.

What really sets this plant apart is its unwavering commitment to wet conditions. It’s classified as an Obligate Wetland plant, meaning it almost always occurs in wetlands – think of it as nature’s way of saying this plant really, really loves water!

Where Does It Call Home?

This southeastern native has quite the geographic range, naturally occurring across Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas. It also extends its reach into Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, making it a true Gulf Coast and Atlantic coastal specialist.

Why Plant Gulf Coast Spikerush?

Here are some compelling reasons to consider adding this native beauty to your landscape:

  • Native plant champion: Supporting local ecosystems by choosing native species
  • Wetland restoration hero: Perfect for restoring or creating wetland habitats
  • Low maintenance: Once established in the right conditions, it’s relatively care-free
  • Erosion control: Those roots help stabilize wet soils
  • Rain garden superstar: Excellent choice for managing stormwater runoff

Perfect Garden Settings

Gulf Coast spikerush thrives in specific garden types where its water-loving nature can shine:

  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Pond and stream margins
  • Bog gardens
  • Wetland restoration projects
  • Coastal landscape plantings
  • Natural stormwater management areas

Growing Conditions That Make It Happy

This plant has some pretty specific preferences, but once you understand them, success is virtually guaranteed:

Water requirements: High moisture use – think consistently wet to saturated soils. Drought tolerance? Absolutely none. This plant needs its water!

Soil preferences: Remarkably adaptable to different soil textures, from coarse sandy soils to fine clay, as long as they stay wet. It can handle pH levels from moderately acidic (5.7) to alkaline (8.8).

Sun exposure: Full sun is preferred – it’s shade intolerant, so don’t try to tuck it under trees.

Climate needs: Requires at least 230 frost-free days and can tolerate temperatures down to 12°F, making it suitable for USDA hardiness zones 8-11.

Special tolerances: High tolerance for salt, flooding, and even fire – this is one tough plant when in its preferred wet environment!

Planting and Care Tips

Getting started with Gulf Coast spikerush is straightforward:

Propagation: Can be grown from seed or sprigs. Seeds are tiny (about 900,000 per pound!), and germination is moderate. Spring through fall is the active growing period.

Spacing: Plant density can range from 1,700 to 4,800 plants per acre, depending on your coverage goals.

Establishment: Be patient – this plant has a slow to moderate growth rate and slow vegetative spread, but steady progress is the name of the game.

Maintenance: Once established, it’s remarkably low-maintenance. Just ensure consistent moisture and let it do its thing!

Setting Realistic Expectations

While Gulf Coast spikerush is fantastic for the right situations, it’s important to understand what it won’t do. This isn’t a showy flowering plant – its small green flowers are inconspicuous and wind-pollinated, so it won’t attract crowds of pollinators like some other natives might. Its beauty lies in its subtle texture and ecological function rather than flashy blooms.

The Bottom Line

Gulf Coast spikerush is an excellent choice for gardeners committed to native plant landscaping and those dealing with wet, challenging sites. If you have a rain garden, pond edge, or naturally wet area that needs a reliable native plant, this southeastern specialist could be exactly what you’re looking for. Just remember – this plant’s motto is the wetter, the better, so don’t even think about planting it in that dry, well-drained spot!

By choosing Gulf Coast spikerush, you’re not just solving a landscaping challenge – you’re supporting native ecosystems and creating habitat that benefits the broader web of life in your region. Sometimes the most valuable plants are the ones that quietly do their job, and this humble spikerush does exactly that.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Caribbean

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Great Plains

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Gulf Coast Spikerush

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eleocharis R. Br. - spikerush

Species

Eleocharis cellulosa Torr. - Gulf Coast spikerush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA