North America Native Plant

Gulf Coast Lupine

Botanical name: Lupinus westianus var. aridorum

USDA symbol: LUWEA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Lupinus aridorum McFarlin ex Beckner (LUAR11)   

Gulf Coast Lupine: A Rare Florida Native Worth Protecting Meet the Gulf Coast lupine (Lupinus westianus var. aridorum), a charming little native that’s both a gardener’s treasure and a conservation priority. This petite perennial shrub might just be one of Florida’s best-kept botanical secrets – though unfortunately, it’s becoming rarer ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: United States

Status: S3T1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Endangered: In danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. ⚘

Region: United States

Gulf Coast Lupine: A Rare Florida Native Worth Protecting

Meet the Gulf Coast lupine (Lupinus westianus var. aridorum), a charming little native that’s both a gardener’s treasure and a conservation priority. This petite perennial shrub might just be one of Florida’s best-kept botanical secrets – though unfortunately, it’s becoming rarer by the day.

What Makes Gulf Coast Lupine Special?

This delightful native belongs to the beloved lupine family, known for their distinctive flower spikes and ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. The Gulf Coast lupine stays refreshingly compact, typically growing as a low shrub that rarely exceeds 1.5 feet tall, making it perfect for smaller garden spaces or as a charming groundcover alternative.

As a perennial, this little powerhouse will return year after year, gradually establishing itself as a permanent fixture in your native plant collection. You might also see it listed under its scientific synonym, Lupinus aridorum, in older botanical references.

Where Does It Call Home?

The Gulf Coast lupine is exclusively native to Florida, making it a true Sunshine State endemic. This makes it an especially valuable addition for Florida gardeners looking to support their local ecosystem with plants that evolved specifically in their region.

A Conservation Concern

Important note for gardeners: Before you get too excited about adding this beauty to your garden, there’s something crucial you need to know. The Gulf Coast lupine is currently listed as endangered, with a global conservation status that reflects its precarious position in the wild.

This means that while growing this native is a wonderful way to support conservation efforts, you must – and we cannot stress this enough – only obtain plants or seeds from reputable, ethical sources that have propagated them responsibly. Never collect from wild populations, as this could further threaten this already vulnerable species.

Garden Appeal and Landscape Role

Despite its small stature, the Gulf Coast lupine can play a big role in native Florida landscapes. Its compact size makes it ideal for:

  • Native plant gardens and restoration projects
  • Pollinator-friendly landscapes
  • Coastal and scrub habitat gardens
  • Educational or conservation-focused plantings

Like other lupines, this species likely produces attractive flower spikes that can add vertical interest and color to low-growing plant communities.

Growing Conditions and Care

While specific growing requirements for this rare variety aren’t well-documented, we can make some educated guesses based on its native Florida scrub habitat and its lupine family traits:

  • Likely prefers well-draining, sandy soils typical of Florida scrublands
  • Probably thrives in full sun to partial shade
  • As a native Florida plant, it should be adapted to the state’s humidity and seasonal rainfall patterns
  • Being a legume, it likely fixes nitrogen and may prefer nutrient-poor soils

Supporting Pollinators and Wildlife

While we don’t have specific data on this variety’s wildlife benefits, lupines as a group are generally excellent for supporting native pollinators, particularly bees and butterflies. By growing this endangered native, you’re potentially providing crucial habitat for specialized insects that may have co-evolved with this specific plant.

The Bottom Line

Should you plant Gulf Coast lupine? If you’re a Florida gardener passionate about conservation and you can source it ethically, absolutely! This rare native deserves a place in responsible gardens where it can be appreciated and potentially help preserve the genetic diversity of this endangered species.

However, remember that with great garden power comes great responsibility. Only purchase from reputable native plant nurseries that can verify their propagation methods, and consider this plant an investment in Florida’s botanical future rather than just another pretty addition to your landscape.

By growing the Gulf Coast lupine responsibly, you’re not just adding a unique native to your garden – you’re becoming a conservation partner in protecting one of Florida’s rarest botanical treasures.

Gulf Coast Lupine

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Lupinus L. - lupine

Species

Lupinus westianus Small - Gulf Coast lupine

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA