North America Native Plant

Graphina Lichen

Botanical name: Graphina columbina

USDA symbol: GRCO5

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Synonyms: Graphina virginalis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. (GRVI6)  ⚘  Phaeographina columbina (Tuck.) Zahlbr. (PHCO37)   

Graphina Lichen: The Mysterious Bark Dweller in Your Garden Have you ever noticed those crusty, grayish patches decorating the bark of trees in your yard? You might be looking at graphina lichen (Graphina columbina), a fascinating organism that’s neither plant nor animal, but something wonderfully in-between. This North American native ...

Graphina Lichen: The Mysterious Bark Dweller in Your Garden

Have you ever noticed those crusty, grayish patches decorating the bark of trees in your yard? You might be looking at graphina lichen (Graphina columbina), a fascinating organism that’s neither plant nor animal, but something wonderfully in-between. This North American native lichen is like nature’s own living artwork, quietly thriving on tree trunks throughout our forests and landscapes.

What Exactly Is Graphina Lichen?

Before we dive deeper, let’s clear up what we’re dealing with here. Graphina columbina isn’t a plant you can buy at your local nursery or grow from seed. It’s a lichen – a remarkable partnership between a fungus and algae that work together to create something entirely unique. Think of it as nature’s ultimate roommate situation, where both parties benefit from the arrangement!

You might also encounter this species listed under its scientific synonyms, including Graphina virginalis or Phaeographina columbina, but they’re all referring to the same fascinating organism.

Where to Find This Native Wonder

Graphina lichen calls North America home, particularly thriving in the eastern regions where humidity levels stay consistently high. You’ll typically spot it in mature forests and wooded areas where the air quality is good and the environment remains relatively undisturbed.

Spotting Graphina Lichen in Your Landscape

Identifying graphina lichen is like becoming a nature detective. Here’s what to look for:

  • Crusty, grayish patches that seem painted onto tree bark
  • Dark, almost black fruiting bodies (called apothecia) that look like tiny dots scattered across the surface
  • A somewhat rough, textured appearance that feels different from smooth bark
  • Typically found on the trunks and larger branches of deciduous trees

Is Graphina Lichen Good for Your Garden?

Here’s the wonderful news: finding graphina lichen in your yard is actually a positive sign! This lichen serves as a natural air quality indicator – it’s quite sensitive to pollution, so its presence suggests you have relatively clean air in your area. It’s like having a living environmental monitor right in your backyard.

Graphina lichen won’t harm your trees either. As an epiphyte, it simply uses the bark as a place to live without taking nutrients from the tree itself. It’s essentially hitchhiking, not parasitizing.

The Lichen You Can’t Plant (But Can Appreciate)

Unlike traditional garden plants, you can’t cultivate or propagate graphina lichen. It appears naturally when conditions are just right – clean air, appropriate humidity levels, and suitable host trees. Trying to transplant or encourage lichen growth typically doesn’t work, as these organisms are incredibly particular about their environmental needs.

Instead of trying to grow it, the best approach is to:

  • Maintain healthy, mature trees in your landscape
  • Avoid using harsh chemicals or pesticides that might affect air quality
  • Preserve natural areas where lichens can thrive undisturbed
  • Simply appreciate these fascinating organisms when you encounter them

A Living Conversation Starter

Next time you’re walking through your garden or local woods, take a moment to look for graphina lichen. Point it out to friends and family – most people walk right past these incredible organisms without realizing they’re observing one of nature’s most successful partnerships. It’s a perfect opportunity to share the fascinating world of lichens and their role as environmental indicators.

While you can’t add graphina lichen to your shopping list for the garden center, you can certainly add it to your list of cool things to observe and appreciate in your outdoor spaces. After all, the best gardens are those that welcome and celebrate all of nature’s interesting characters – even the ones we can’t control!

Graphina Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Graphidales

Family

Graphidaceae Dumort.

Genus

Graphina Müll. Arg. - graphina lichen

Species

Graphina columbina (Tuck.) M. Wirth & Hale - graphina lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA