North America Native Plant

Gongolin

Botanical name: Ilex sideroxyloides

USDA symbol: ILSI

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Gongolin: A Mysterious Native Tree from Puerto Rico Meet gongolin (Ilex sideroxyloides), one of Puerto Rico’s lesser-known native trees that’s as intriguing as its name suggests. This perennial woody species belongs to the holly family, though you might find yourself scratching your head trying to learn more about it – ...

Gongolin: A Mysterious Native Tree from Puerto Rico

Meet gongolin (Ilex sideroxyloides), one of Puerto Rico’s lesser-known native trees that’s as intriguing as its name suggests. This perennial woody species belongs to the holly family, though you might find yourself scratching your head trying to learn more about it – and for good reason. Gongolin is somewhat of an enigma in the plant world, with limited information available even among botanical circles.

Where Does Gongolin Call Home?

Gongolin is exclusively native to Puerto Rico, making it a true island endemic. This tree has adapted to life in the Caribbean’s unique climate and growing conditions, thriving in the region’s diverse ecosystems. Its limited geographic distribution makes it a special part of Puerto Rico’s natural heritage.

What Does Gongolin Look Like?

As a member of the holly family, gongolin grows as a tree with a single trunk, typically reaching heights greater than 13 to 16 feet at maturity. Like many tropical trees, it may occasionally develop multiple stems or remain shorter under certain environmental conditions, but it generally maintains that classic tree form that makes it a potential focal point in larger landscapes.

The Mystery Factor: What We Don’t Know

Here’s where gongolin gets really interesting – or frustrating, depending on how you look at it. Much about this species remains unknown to the broader horticultural community, including:

  • Specific growing requirements and care instructions
  • Detailed physical characteristics and seasonal changes
  • Wildlife and pollinator benefits
  • Propagation methods
  • Exact hardiness zones and cultivation potential

This lack of readily available information suggests that gongolin either hasn’t been widely cultivated or studied extensively outside its native habitat.

Should You Plant Gongolin?

The short answer is: it’s complicated. While gongolin’s native status makes it an ecologically responsible choice for Puerto Rican gardens, the limited cultivation information presents some challenges:

Potential Benefits:

  • Native species support local ecosystems
  • Adapted to regional climate conditions
  • Part of Puerto Rico’s unique botanical heritage
  • Facultative wetland status means it’s adaptable to various moisture conditions

Challenges to Consider:

  • Limited availability in nurseries
  • Unclear growing requirements
  • Unknown mature size and spread
  • Uncertain ornamental value

Growing Conditions: Making Educated Guesses

While specific growing requirements for gongolin aren’t well-documented, we can make some educated assumptions based on its native habitat and wetland status. This tree likely prefers:

  • Warm, tropical to subtropical conditions
  • Moderate to high humidity
  • Well-draining soil that can handle occasional wet conditions
  • Protection from strong winds (common for Caribbean natives)

The Bottom Line

Gongolin represents one of those fascinating plants that reminds us how much we still don’t know about our natural world. If you’re a Puerto Rican gardener interested in native plants, gongolin could be worth investigating – but you might need to do some detective work to source it and learn its preferences through trial and observation.

For gardeners elsewhere, this tree’s limited range and unknown cultivation requirements make it an impractical choice. Instead, consider other native Ilex species from your region that offer similar benefits with much better-understood growing needs.

Sometimes the most interesting plants are the ones that keep their secrets – and gongolin certainly qualifies as one of those mysterious beauties of the plant kingdom.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Caribbean

FAC

Facultative - Plants with this status can occur in wetlands and non-wetlands

Gongolin

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Celastrales

Family

Aquifoliaceae Bercht. & J. Presl - Holly family

Genus

Ilex L. - holly

Species

Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. - gongolin

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA