North America Native Plant

Glowing Indian Paintbrush

Botanical name: Castilleja ornata

USDA symbol: CAOR21

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Glowing Indian Paintbrush: A Rare Gem Worth Protecting Meet the glowing Indian paintbrush (Castilleja ornata), a stunning little wildflower that’s as rare as it is beautiful. This annual native deserves a special place in our hearts—and careful consideration before it finds a place in our gardens. What Makes This Paintbrush ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Glowing Indian Paintbrush: A Rare Gem Worth Protecting

Meet the glowing Indian paintbrush (Castilleja ornata), a stunning little wildflower that’s as rare as it is beautiful. This annual native deserves a special place in our hearts—and careful consideration before it finds a place in our gardens.

What Makes This Paintbrush Special?

The glowing Indian paintbrush is a true New Mexico native, found nowhere else in the world. This petite forb grows as a delicate annual, reaching just 6-12 inches tall. Like its paintbrush cousins, it creates its signature look through colorful bracts (modified leaves) that surround the actual flowers, painting the landscape in brilliant red-orange hues that seem to glow in the desert sun.

Where Does It Grow?

This rare beauty calls New Mexico home exclusively, making it a true endemic treasure of the Southwest. Its limited range contributes to its special status in the plant world.

A Word of Caution: Rarity Matters

Here’s where we need to talk seriously for a moment. The glowing Indian paintbrush carries a Global Conservation Status of S1, meaning it’s critically imperiled. With typically fewer than five known populations and less than 1,000 individuals remaining in the wild, this little paintbrush is hanging on by a thread.

What does this mean for gardeners? If you’re lucky enough to find seeds or plants of this species, make absolutely sure they come from responsible, ethical sources that don’t contribute to wild population decline. Never collect from the wild, and consider supporting conservation efforts instead.

Garden Appeal and Growing Conditions

For those who can source it responsibly, the glowing Indian paintbrush offers unique charm:

  • Distinctive red-orange paintbrush appearance
  • Compact size perfect for rock gardens or native plant collections
  • Attracts hummingbirds and butterflies
  • Excellent for xeriscaping and low-water gardens

How to Grow Glowing Indian Paintbrush

This desert native has specific needs that reflect its harsh homeland:

  • Soil: Well-draining sandy or rocky soil is essential
  • Sun: Full sun exposure
  • Water: Low water requirements once established
  • Climate: Thrives in USDA zones 5-8
  • Planting: Direct seed in fall for best results

Like many paintbrush species, this plant may be semi-parasitic, forming connections with grass roots to supplement its nutrition. This unique relationship means it often grows best when planted near compatible native grasses.

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

Despite its small stature, the glowing Indian paintbrush punches above its weight in supporting wildlife. Its tubular flowers are perfectly designed for hummingbird beaks, while butterflies also visit for nectar. In its native habitat, it plays a crucial role in supporting local ecosystems.

The Bottom Line

The glowing Indian paintbrush is a botanical treasure that deserves our respect and protection. While it would make a stunning addition to the right native garden, its critically imperiled status means we must approach it with conservation in mind. If you’re passionate about rare natives, consider supporting habitat protection efforts or botanical gardens working on conservation rather than trying to grow it at home.

For most gardeners, exploring other Castilleja species that are more common might be a better choice. You’ll still get that gorgeous paintbrush look while leaving the rare ones to recover in their natural homes.

Glowing Indian Paintbrush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja ornata Eastw. - glowing Indian paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA