North America Native Plant

Glandular Maiden Fern

Botanical name: Thelypteris decussata

USDA symbol: THDE2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Synonyms: Dryopteris decussata (L.) Urb. (DRDE7)   

Glandular Maiden Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Knowing Meet the glandular maiden fern (Thelypteris decussata), a fascinating native fern that calls Puerto Rico home. While this perennial beauty might not be gracing garden centers anytime soon, it’s worth understanding what makes this Caribbean native special – and why ...

Glandular Maiden Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Knowing

Meet the glandular maiden fern (Thelypteris decussata), a fascinating native fern that calls Puerto Rico home. While this perennial beauty might not be gracing garden centers anytime soon, it’s worth understanding what makes this Caribbean native special – and why you might want to consider its more readily available relatives instead.

What Makes This Fern Special?

The glandular maiden fern belongs to the maiden fern family, scientifically known as Thelypteris decussata. You might also see it listed under its synonym, Dryopteris decussata, in older botanical references. Despite being classified as a forb in botanical databases, this plant is actually a true fern – one of those wonderful prehistoric survivors that reproduce through spores rather than flowers.

Where You’ll Find It Growing Wild

This fern is exclusively native to Puerto Rico, making it quite the island endemic. It’s adapted to the unique Caribbean climate and has earned a facultative wetland status, meaning you’ll usually spot it in moist, wetland areas, though it can occasionally pop up in drier spots too.

The Reality Check: Should You Try to Grow It?

Here’s the thing about Thelypteris decussata – it’s not exactly what you’d call garden-center friendly. With limited information available about its specific growing requirements, care needs, and availability, this fern falls into the admire from afar category for most gardeners.

Since detailed growing conditions, hardiness zones, and care instructions aren’t well-documented for this particular species, attempting to cultivate it would be quite the gardening adventure – and not necessarily a successful one.

Better Alternatives for Your Garden

If you’re drawn to the idea of growing maiden ferns, consider these more garden-friendly alternatives:

  • Southern maiden fern (Thelypteris kunthii) – more widely available and better understood
  • Broad beech fern (Thelypteris hexagonoptera) – great for woodland gardens
  • New York fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis) – perfect for naturalizing

Why Ferns Matter in the Garden

While the glandular maiden fern might not be destined for your garden bed, ferns in general bring wonderful benefits to landscapes:

  • They add lush, green texture without needing flowers
  • Most thrive in shady spots where other plants struggle
  • They’re generally low-maintenance once established
  • They provide habitat and shelter for small wildlife

The Bottom Line

Thelypteris decussata serves as a reminder that not every native plant is meant for cultivation. Sometimes, the best way to appreciate these botanical treasures is to support their conservation in their natural habitats while choosing better-known, more garden-suitable relatives for our own spaces. Stick with well-documented maiden fern species for your garden, and save your admiration for this Puerto Rican native for your next tropical botanical adventure!

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Caribbean

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Glandular Maiden Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic. Serm. - Marsh Fern family

Genus

Thelypteris Schmidel - maiden fern

Species

Thelypteris decussata (L.) Proctor - glandular maiden fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA