North America Native Plant

Giant Orchid

Botanical name: Pteroglossaspis ecristata

USDA symbol: PTEC2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Eulophia ecristata (Fernald) Ames (EUEC)  âš˜  Orthochilus ecristatus (Fernald) Bytebier (OREC)  âš˜  Triorchos ecristata (Fernald) Small (TREC)   

Giant Orchid: A Rare Native Treasure Worth Protecting Have you ever stumbled upon a wild orchid during a nature walk and felt like you’d discovered hidden treasure? If you’re lucky enough to spot a giant orchid (Pteroglossaspis ecristata) in the wild, that’s exactly what you’ve found – a rare native ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Alabama

Status: S2S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Region: Alabama

Giant Orchid: A Rare Native Treasure Worth Protecting

Have you ever stumbled upon a wild orchid during a nature walk and felt like you’d discovered hidden treasure? If you’re lucky enough to spot a giant orchid (Pteroglossaspis ecristata) in the wild, that’s exactly what you’ve found – a rare native gem that’s become increasingly uncommon across its southeastern range.

What Makes the Giant Orchid Special?

Despite its common name, the giant orchid isn’t necessarily giant in the way you might expect. This perennial herb produces distinctive flower spikes that can reach impressive heights, topped with unique purple-brown blooms that have an almost alien-like appearance. The flowers feature a characteristic three-lobed lip that gives them their distinctive orchid charm, making them unmistakable when you encounter them in their natural habitat.

Where Does the Giant Orchid Call Home?

This native beauty is found exclusively in the southeastern United States, calling Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, and South Carolina home. Within these states, giant orchids prefer the unique ecosystems of pine savannas, wet prairies, and boggy areas where they’ve evolved alongside other specialized native plants.

A Word of Caution: Rarity Alert

Here’s where things get serious, fellow plant lovers. The giant orchid carries a global conservation status of S2S3, and in Alabama, it’s ranked as S1 – meaning it’s critically rare in that state. This isn’t a plant you’ll find at your local nursery, and there’s a very important reason for that.

Please do not attempt to collect or transplant wild giant orchids. Not only is this likely illegal in most areas, but these remarkable plants have incredibly complex growing requirements that make them nearly impossible to successfully cultivate in home gardens.

Why Giant Orchids Are Garden Challenges

Even the most experienced gardeners would struggle with giant orchids, and here’s why:

  • They require specific mycorrhizal fungal partnerships to survive
  • Their natural habitat conditions are extremely difficult to replicate
  • They need precise moisture, soil chemistry, and light conditions
  • They’re adapted to very specific seasonal patterns and fire cycles

These aren’t your typical plant it and water it garden additions. Giant orchids are specialists that have spent thousands of years perfecting their relationship with their native ecosystems.

How You Can Help and Appreciate Giant Orchids

Instead of trying to grow these rare beauties, consider these alternatives:

  • Support habitat conservation: Donate to or volunteer with organizations protecting southeastern wetlands and pine savannas
  • Visit them respectfully: Look for guided nature walks in areas where they naturally occur
  • Choose native alternatives: Plant other native southeastern wildflowers that are more garden-friendly
  • Spread awareness: Help others understand the importance of protecting rare native plants

Native Alternatives for Your Garden

If you’re drawn to the idea of native orchids in your landscape, consider these more garden-appropriate southeastern natives:

  • Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)
  • Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)
  • Coral honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens)
  • Native iris species suitable to your area

These plants will give you that native plant satisfaction while actually thriving in cultivation and supporting local pollinators.

The Bigger Picture

The giant orchid serves as a reminder that not every beautiful native plant belongs in our gardens – and that’s perfectly okay! Some plants are meant to remain wild, serving as indicators of healthy ecosystems and adding wonder to our natural world. By respecting their space and protecting their habitats, we ensure that future generations might also experience the thrill of discovering a giant orchid during their own nature adventures.

Sometimes the best way to love a plant is to leave it exactly where it belongs – wild, free, and thriving in its natural home.

Giant Orchid

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Liliidae

Order

Orchidales

Family

Orchidaceae Juss. - Orchid family

Genus

Pteroglossaspis Rehb. f. - pteroglossaspis

Species

Pteroglossaspis ecristata (Fernald) Rolfe - giant orchid

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA