North America Native Plant

Georgia Indian Plantain

Botanical name: Arnoglossum sulcatum

USDA symbol: ARSU5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Cacalia sulcata Fernald (CASU30)  âš˜  Mesadenia sulcata (Fernald) Harper (MESU9)   

Georgia Indian Plantain: A Rare Wetland Gem for Your Native Garden If you’re looking to add a touch of southeastern charm to your wetland garden, Georgia Indian plantain might just be the perfect choice. This native perennial brings both beauty and ecological value to the right garden setting, though its ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Alabama

Status: S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Region: Alabama

Georgia Indian Plantain: A Rare Wetland Gem for Your Native Garden

If you’re looking to add a touch of southeastern charm to your wetland garden, Georgia Indian plantain might just be the perfect choice. This native perennial brings both beauty and ecological value to the right garden setting, though its rarity makes it a plant that deserves special consideration.

Meet the Georgia Indian Plantain

Georgia Indian plantain (Arnoglossum sulcatum) is a native perennial that calls the southeastern United States home. You might also find it listed under its former scientific names, Cacalia sulcata or Mesadenia sulcata, if you’re browsing older gardening references. This distinctive plant has carved out a special niche in the wetland ecosystems of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi.

A Plant That Loves Its Feet Wet

Here’s where Georgia Indian plantain gets really particular – it’s what we call an obligate wetland plant. This means it almost always occurs in wetlands and absolutely thrives in consistently moist to wet conditions. Think of it as nature’s way of saying, If you don’t have a soggy spot, we probably shouldn’t be together.

This wetland preference makes it perfect for:

  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Bog gardens and wetland restorations
  • Areas with poor drainage that stay consistently moist
  • Native plant gardens focused on southeastern species

Beauty in the Bog

Don’t let its wetland requirements fool you into thinking this plant lacks visual appeal. Georgia Indian plantain produces attractive clusters of small white flowers in late summer and fall, creating a delicate display that butterflies and native bees absolutely adore. The large, distinctive leaves add texture and interest throughout the growing season, making it a valuable addition to naturalized landscapes.

An Important Conservation Note

Before you rush out to find this plant, there’s something crucial you need to know. Georgia Indian plantain has a Global Conservation Status of S3, meaning it’s considered vulnerable throughout its range. With typically only 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals remaining, this is a plant that needs our protection.

If you decide to grow Georgia Indian plantain, please only purchase from reputable native plant nurseries that propagate their stock responsibly. Never collect from the wild, as this could further threaten already vulnerable populations.

Growing Georgia Indian Plantain Successfully

Success with this plant is all about matching its natural habitat preferences. Here’s what you need to know:

Climate Requirements: Georgia Indian plantain thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8-10, matching its native southeastern range.

Light and Soil: This adaptable native can handle partial shade to full sun, but the soil conditions are non-negotiable – it needs consistently moist to wet soil. Think swampy, not just damp.

Planting Tips:

  • Plant in spring when soil temperatures are warming
  • Choose the wettest, most consistently moist spot in your garden
  • Space plants appropriately for their mature size
  • Mulch around plants to help retain moisture

Care and Maintenance: Once established in the right conditions, Georgia Indian plantain is relatively low-maintenance. Keep the soil consistently moist (this shouldn’t be hard in a wetland garden!), and the plant will take care of itself. No need for fertilizers or frequent intervention.

Ecological Benefits Worth Celebrating

By choosing to grow Georgia Indian plantain responsibly, you’re not just adding beauty to your garden – you’re supporting southeastern ecosystems. The flowers provide nectar for butterflies and native bees, while the plant itself contributes to the complex web of relationships that make wetland ecosystems so valuable for biodiversity.

Is Georgia Indian Plantain Right for Your Garden?

This plant is perfect for you if you have consistently wet conditions and want to support native southeastern ecosystems. It’s ideal for gardeners who appreciate subtle beauty and are committed to conservation-minded gardening practices.

However, skip this one if you don’t have reliably wet soil conditions or if you can’t source it responsibly. Remember, this plant’s vulnerable status means every individual matters – only grow it if you can do so ethically and provide the wetland conditions it truly needs to thrive.

When grown responsibly in the right conditions, Georgia Indian plantain offers a unique opportunity to support conservation while creating a beautiful, ecologically valuable wetland garden that celebrates the unique flora of the American Southeast.

Georgia Indian Plantain

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Asterales

Family

Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl - Aster family

Genus

Arnoglossum Raf. - Indian plantain

Species

Arnoglossum sulcatum (Fernald) H. Rob. - Georgia Indian plantain

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA