North America Native Plant

Garbancillo

Botanical name: Peganum mexicanum

USDA symbol: PEME

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Garbancillo: A Lesser-Known Native of the American Southwest If you’re on the hunt for native plants to add authentic regional character to your Southwest garden, you might have stumbled across Peganum mexicanum, commonly known as garbancillo. This native perennial forb calls the American Southwest home, but here’s the thing – ...

Garbancillo: A Lesser-Known Native of the American Southwest

If you’re on the hunt for native plants to add authentic regional character to your Southwest garden, you might have stumbled across Peganum mexicanum, commonly known as garbancillo. This native perennial forb calls the American Southwest home, but here’s the thing – it’s not exactly what you’d call a garden center darling.

What Is Garbancillo?

Garbancillo (Peganum mexicanum) is a perennial forb native to the lower 48 states, specifically flourishing in New Mexico and Texas. As a forb, it’s essentially an herbaceous plant – meaning it lacks the woody stems you’d find on shrubs and trees, instead dying back to the ground each winter and regrowing from its roots come spring.

This plant belongs to that special category of truly native species that have been quietly doing their thing in the Southwest long before any of us started thinking about xeriscaping or drought-tolerant gardening.

The Honest Truth About Growing Garbancillo

Here’s where things get a bit tricky for the home gardener. While garbancillo has the impressive credentials of being a native Southwest plant, information about its cultivation, appearance, and garden performance is surprisingly scarce. This isn’t necessarily a red flag – it might simply mean that garbancillo is one of those plants that’s better appreciated in its natural habitat than coaxed into a home landscape.

Should You Plant Garbancillo?

The short answer is: probably not, at least not without doing some serious detective work first. Here’s why:

  • Limited availability – you’re unlikely to find this plant at your local nursery
  • Unclear garden performance – without established cultivation information, you’d be experimenting
  • Unknown growing requirements – specific soil, water, and care needs aren’t well documented

Better Native Alternatives for Southwest Gardens

If you’re drawn to the idea of a native Southwest perennial forb, consider these well-documented alternatives that offer similar regional authenticity:

  • Desert marigold (Baileya multiradiata) – cheerful yellow blooms and proven garden performance
  • Blackfoot daisy (Melampodium leucanthum) – compact with white daisy-like flowers
  • Prairie sage (Artemisia ludoviciana) – silvery foliage and drought tolerance

The Bottom Line

While garbancillo deserves respect as a native Southwest species, it’s not ready for prime time in home gardens. Sometimes the most responsible approach to native gardening is knowing when to admire a plant in its natural setting rather than trying to domesticate it. Stick with well-established native alternatives that offer the same regional character with proven garden success.

If you do encounter garbancillo in the wild during your Southwest adventures, take a moment to appreciate this quiet native that’s been thriving in harsh desert conditions long before we figured out what water-wise gardening meant.

Garbancillo

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Sapindales

Family

Zygophyllaceae R. Br. - Creosote-bush family

Genus

Peganum L. - peganum

Species

Peganum mexicanum A. Gray - garbancillo

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA