North America Native Plant

Frullania Selwyniana

Botanical name: Frullania selwyniana

USDA symbol: FRSE

Habit: nonvascular

Native status: Native to North America  

Discovering Frullania selwyniana: A Tiny Native Liverwort Worth Knowing Have you ever noticed tiny, intricate green patterns covering the bark of trees or scattered across rocks during your woodland walks? You might have encountered Frullania selwyniana, a fascinating little liverwort that calls North America home. While you won’t find this ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S2S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Discovering Frullania selwyniana: A Tiny Native Liverwort Worth Knowing

Have you ever noticed tiny, intricate green patterns covering the bark of trees or scattered across rocks during your woodland walks? You might have encountered Frullania selwyniana, a fascinating little liverwort that calls North America home. While you won’t find this diminutive plant at your local nursery, understanding what it is and why it matters can deepen your appreciation for the complex web of life in natural gardens and wild spaces.

What Exactly Is Frullania selwyniana?

Frullania selwyniana belongs to an ancient group of plants called liverworts – think of them as the quiet cousins of mosses. These aren’t your typical garden plants with showy flowers or towering stems. Instead, they’re small, herbaceous plants that have been quietly doing their thing for millions of years, long before flowering plants ever appeared on Earth.

Unlike most plants that root in soil, this particular liverwort prefers to attach itself to solid surfaces like tree bark, rocks, or even decaying wood. It forms small, intricate patches that look almost like tiny green scales overlapping each other in beautiful, mathematical patterns.

Where Can You Find This Native Treasure?

This little liverwort is native to North America, where it naturally occurs in suitable woodland habitats. You’re most likely to spot it in moist, shaded environments where the air stays relatively humid – think deep woods, near streams, or in protected valleys.

Is It Beneficial to Have Around?

Absolutely! While Frullania selwyniana won’t attract butterflies or produce berries for birds, it plays several important ecological roles:

  • Helps retain moisture in its immediate environment
  • Provides microhabitat for tiny insects and other small creatures
  • Contributes to the overall biodiversity of woodland ecosystems
  • Indicates healthy, undisturbed forest conditions

A Word About Rarity

Here’s something important to know: Frullania selwyniana has a conservation status of S2S3, which means it’s considered somewhat rare or uncommon in parts of its range. This makes every sighting special and highlights why protecting the natural habitats where it occurs is so crucial.

If you’re lucky enough to spot this liverwort in the wild, take a moment to appreciate it, but please leave it undisturbed. Its rarity means that every population is valuable for maintaining healthy forest ecosystems.

How to Identify Frullania selwyniana

Spotting this tiny liverwort takes a keen eye, but here’s what to look for:

  • Small, flattened patches growing on bark or rock surfaces
  • Overlapping, scale-like structures arranged in intricate patterns
  • Rich green color when moist, may appear brownish when dry
  • Typically found in consistently moist, shaded locations
  • Forms small colonies rather than extensive carpets

You’ll need to look closely – we’re talking about plants that are often just a few millimeters across!

Supporting These Tiny Natives in Your Landscape

While you can’t exactly plant Frullania selwyniana in your garden, you can create conditions that support liverworts and other small native plants:

  • Maintain areas of natural shade and moisture
  • Avoid using harsh chemicals that might affect sensitive plants
  • Leave some dead wood and natural surfaces undisturbed
  • Plant native trees and shrubs that create suitable woodland microclimates

The Bigger Picture

Frullania selwyniana might be small, but it represents something much larger – the incredible diversity of native plants that make up healthy ecosystems. While it may never be the star of your garden design, knowing that these ancient little plants are quietly doing their part in the places where they belong can inspire us to create more thoughtful, ecologically-minded landscapes.

Next time you’re walking through a woodland area, take a moment to look closely at the tree bark and rock surfaces around you. You might just spot one of these remarkable little liverworts, a living link to the ancient history of plant life on our continent.

Frullania Selwyniana

Classification

Group

Liverwort

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Hepaticophyta - Liverworts

Subdivision

Hepaticae

Class

Hepaticopsida

Subclass

Jungermanniae

Order

Jungermanniales

Family

Jubulaceae H. Klinggr.

Genus

Frullania Raddi

Species

Frullania selwyniana Pearson

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA