North America Native Plant

Fremont’s Birsfoot Trefoil

Botanical name: Lotus argophyllus var. fremontii

USDA symbol: LOARF

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Hosackia fremontii (A. Gray) Abrams (HOFR2)   

Fremont’s Birdsfoot Trefoil: A Rare California Native Worth Growing If you’re a California gardener looking to add authentic native charm to your landscape, Fremont’s birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus argophyllus var. fremontii) might just be the hidden gem you’ve been searching for. This delicate perennial forb brings both ecological benefits and understated ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T3?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Fremont’s Birdsfoot Trefoil: A Rare California Native Worth Growing

If you’re a California gardener looking to add authentic native charm to your landscape, Fremont’s birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus argophyllus var. fremontii) might just be the hidden gem you’ve been searching for. This delicate perennial forb brings both ecological benefits and understated beauty to native plant gardens, though its rarity makes it a special addition that requires thoughtful sourcing.

What Makes This Plant Special

Fremont’s birdsfoot trefoil is a true California endemic, meaning it grows naturally nowhere else in the world. As a member of the legume family, this herbaceous perennial does double duty in the garden – it produces charming yellow pea-like flowers while quietly enriching your soil with nitrogen through its root nodules.

This plant is also known by its scientific synonym Hosackia fremontii, a name you might encounter in older botanical references. Unlike its more common relatives, this variety has earned a Global Conservation Status of S5T3?, indicating some level of rarity that makes it particularly valuable for conservation-minded gardeners.

Native Range and Distribution

Fremont’s birdsfoot trefoil calls California home exclusively. This native status makes it perfectly adapted to the Golden State’s unique climate patterns and an excellent choice for gardeners wanting to support local ecosystems.

Garden Appeal and Design Uses

While Fremont’s birdsfoot trefoil may not be the showiest plant in your garden, its subtle beauty lies in its delicate yellow flowers and fine-textured foliage. As a low-growing forb, it works wonderfully as:

  • Ground cover in native plant gardens
  • Natural erosion control on slopes
  • Supporting player in wildflower meadows
  • Habitat restoration projects

This plant truly shines in naturalistic landscapes where its unassuming presence creates authentic California habitat while supporting native wildlife.

Growing Conditions and Care

Like many California natives, Fremont’s birdsfoot trefoil appreciates well-draining soil and can handle full sun to partial shade conditions. Once established, it demonstrates the drought tolerance typical of plants adapted to California’s Mediterranean climate.

The plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8-10, making it suitable for most of California’s growing regions. Its perennial nature means you’ll enjoy its presence year after year with minimal intervention.

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

As a native legume, Fremont’s birdsfoot trefoil provides important ecological services. Its flowers attract native bees and butterflies, while the plant’s ability to fix nitrogen benefits surrounding vegetation. This makes it an excellent choice for gardeners interested in supporting local biodiversity.

Important Considerations

Here’s where things get important: Fremont’s birdsfoot trefoil has a rarity status that requires responsible gardening practices. If you’re interested in growing this special native, make sure to source your plants or seeds from reputable native plant nurseries that practice ethical collection methods. Never collect from wild populations.

Consider reaching out to local native plant societies or botanical gardens for guidance on responsible sourcing. Some may even have seed-sharing programs or propagation workshops.

Planting and Care Tips

Once you’ve found a responsible source for your Fremont’s birdsfoot trefoil:

  • Plant in fall for best establishment before summer heat
  • Choose a location with good drainage – soggy soil is this plant’s enemy
  • Water regularly the first year, then reduce as the plant establishes
  • Avoid heavy fertilization, as legumes prefer lean soils
  • Allow some plants to go to seed to potentially self-sow

The Bottom Line

Fremont’s birdsfoot trefoil offers California gardeners a chance to grow something truly special – a rare native that supports local ecosystems while adding authentic character to native landscapes. While it may require some extra effort to source responsibly, the reward is a plant that represents California’s unique botanical heritage.

If you can’t locate this particular variety, consider other native Lotus species or California native legumes as alternatives. The key is choosing plants that support your local ecosystem while bringing you gardening joy.

Fremont’s Birsfoot Trefoil

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Lotus L. - trefoil

Species

Lotus argophyllus (A. Gray) Greene - silver bird's-foot trefoil

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA