North America Native Plant

Frank-smith’s Violet

Botanical name: Viola franksmithii

USDA symbol: VIFR2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Frank-Smith’s Violet: A Rare Utah Treasure That Needs Our Protection Meet Frank-Smith’s violet (Viola franksmithii), one of Utah’s most endangered wildflowers. This tiny perennial might not be flashy, but it holds the distinction of being one of the rarest plants in North America. Before you start planning where to plant ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Frank-Smith’s Violet: A Rare Utah Treasure That Needs Our Protection

Meet Frank-Smith’s violet (Viola franksmithii), one of Utah’s most endangered wildflowers. This tiny perennial might not be flashy, but it holds the distinction of being one of the rarest plants in North America. Before you start planning where to plant it in your garden, though, there’s something crucial you need to know about this botanical gem.

What Makes Frank-Smith’s Violet Special?

Frank-Smith’s violet is a small perennial forb—basically a soft-stemmed flowering plant that comes back year after year. Like other violets, it produces delicate flowers and grows low to the ground, making it a natural groundcover plant. But unlike the common violets you might know from your lawn or garden, this species is found nowhere else on Earth except in a few tiny spots in Utah.

Where Does It Call Home?

This rare violet is native to the United States, specifically Utah, where it clings to existence in just a handful of locations. We’re talking about one of the most geographically restricted plants in the country—it’s like finding a needle in a haystack, except the haystack is the entire state of Utah, and there are only a few needles left.

The Reality Check: Why You Shouldn’t Plant It

Here’s where things get serious. Frank-Smith’s violet has a Global Conservation Status of S1, which means it’s critically imperiled. In plain English? There are likely fewer than 1,000 individual plants left in the wild, scattered across five or fewer known locations. This isn’t just rare—it’s teetering on the edge of extinction.

For this reason, we strongly recommend against seeking out or attempting to grow Frank-Smith’s violet in home gardens. Here’s why:

  • Any wild collection could push the species closer to extinction
  • The plant likely has very specific habitat requirements that are nearly impossible to replicate
  • Seeds or plants are not commercially available (and shouldn’t be)
  • Disturbing wild populations could be illegal and harmful to conservation efforts

What We Know About Growing Conditions

While specific details about Frank-Smith’s violet’s preferences are limited due to its rarity, we can make some educated guesses based on its violet family heritage and Utah habitat. It likely thrives in:

  • USDA hardiness zones 4-7 (typical for Utah’s climate)
  • Well-drained soils
  • Partial shade conditions
  • Specific microhabitat conditions unique to its native locations

The truth is, this plant has evolved to survive in very particular conditions that exist in only a few places on Earth. Trying to recreate these conditions elsewhere is extremely challenging and likely to fail.

Supporting Conservation Instead

If you’re fascinated by Frank-Smith’s violet (and who wouldn’t be?), here are better ways to show your appreciation:

  • Support botanical conservation organizations working to protect rare Utah plants
  • Learn about and advocate for habitat protection in Utah
  • Choose other native Utah violets for your garden that aren’t endangered
  • Spread awareness about the importance of plant conservation

Native Violet Alternatives for Your Garden

Want to enjoy violets in your landscape while supporting native plants? Consider these more common native options instead:

  • Canada violet (Viola canadensis) – if you’re in its native range
  • Wild pansy (Viola pedunculata) – for western gardens
  • Other regionally appropriate native violet species

These alternatives will give you the charming violet flowers and groundcover benefits you’re looking for while supporting local ecosystems and pollinators.

The Bottom Line

Frank-Smith’s violet represents something precious and irreplaceable—a species that has survived in Utah’s unique landscape for countless generations but now hangs by a thread. As gardeners and nature lovers, our role isn’t to possess rare plants but to protect them for future generations. Sometimes the most loving thing we can do for a plant is to admire it from afar and ensure its wild habitat remains undisturbed.

Let’s leave Frank-Smith’s violet to the conservation professionals and instead fill our gardens with other native beauties that can thrive under our care while supporting local wildlife and ecosystems.

Frank-smith’s Violet

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Violales

Family

Violaceae Batsch - Violet family

Genus

Viola L. - violet

Species

Viola frank-smithii N.H. Holmgren - Frank-Smith's violet

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA