North America Native Plant

Foxtail Prairie Clover

Botanical name: Dalea leporina

USDA symbol: DALE3

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Dalea alopecuroides Willd. (DAAL4)  âš˜  Dalea lagopus (Cav.) Willd. (DALA8)  âš˜  Parosela alopecuroides (Willd.) Rydb. (PAAL16)   

Foxtail Prairie Clover: A Charming Native Annual for Your Garden If you’re looking for a delightful native plant that brings both charm and ecological benefits to your garden, let me introduce you to foxtail prairie clover (Dalea leporina). This sweet little annual might not be the showiest plant in your ...

Foxtail Prairie Clover: A Charming Native Annual for Your Garden

If you’re looking for a delightful native plant that brings both charm and ecological benefits to your garden, let me introduce you to foxtail prairie clover (Dalea leporina). This sweet little annual might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it packs a punch when it comes to supporting pollinators and adding texture to naturalized spaces.

What Is Foxtail Prairie Clover?

Foxtail prairie clover is a native annual forb that belongs to the legume family. As an annual, it completes its entire life cycle in one growing season, but don’t let that fool you into thinking it’s not worth planting. This hardy little plant has been gracing North American prairies for centuries and deserves a spot in modern native gardens.

The plant gets its common name from its distinctive flower spikes that look remarkably like tiny foxtails. These fuzzy, cylindrical blooms typically appear in white to pale purple and create an almost whimsical texture in the garden landscape.

Where Does It Grow Naturally?

This prairie native has quite an impressive range across the United States. You’ll find foxtail prairie clover growing naturally in Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin. That’s quite a distribution for one little plant!

Why Plant Foxtail Prairie Clover?

There are several compelling reasons to consider adding this native annual to your garden:

  • Pollinator magnet: The small flowers attract bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects
  • Low maintenance: Once established, it requires minimal care
  • Drought tolerant: Perfect for water-wise gardening
  • Self-seeding: Will naturalize in suitable conditions
  • Native heritage: Supports local ecosystems and wildlife

Garden Design Ideas

Foxtail prairie clover shines in several garden settings:

  • Prairie gardens: A natural fit for authentic prairie restorations
  • Wildflower meadows: Adds texture and supports biodiversity
  • Xeriscaping: Excellent choice for low-water landscapes
  • Naturalized areas: Perfect for letting parts of your yard go wild
  • Pollinator gardens: Provides nectar for beneficial insects

Growing Conditions and Care

The beauty of foxtail prairie clover lies in its adaptability and low-maintenance nature. Here’s what you need to know:

Sunlight: Prefers full sun for best growth and flowering

Soil: Thrives in well-drained soils and can handle both sandy and clay conditions

Water: Drought tolerant once established; actually prefers drier conditions

Hardiness: Suitable for USDA zones 3-9

Planting and Propagation Tips

Getting foxtail prairie clover established in your garden is surprisingly straightforward:

  • Direct seeding: Sow seeds directly in fall or early spring
  • Soil preparation: Light cultivation is all that’s needed
  • Spacing: Allow seeds to naturalize rather than formal spacing
  • Watering: Water lightly until germination, then reduce as plants establish
  • Maintenance: Virtually none required once established

Special Considerations

It’s worth noting that foxtail prairie clover has different wetland preferences across regions. In most areas, it’s classified as an upland plant that rarely occurs in wetlands. However, in the Midwest region, it can occasionally be found in wetter conditions. This flexibility makes it adaptable to various garden microclimates.

The Bottom Line

Foxtail prairie clover may not be the flashiest plant in your garden, but it offers something special: authentic native character with minimal fuss. If you’re working on a prairie restoration, creating a pollinator haven, or simply want to support native biodiversity, this charming annual deserves serious consideration. Its ability to self-seed means you might just find delightful surprises popping up in your garden year after year, creating natural drifts of those distinctive foxtail blooms.

For native plant enthusiasts and anyone interested in low-maintenance gardening with ecological benefits, foxtail prairie clover proves that sometimes the most humble plants make the biggest difference.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Arid West

UPL

Obligate Upland - Plants with this status almost never occurs in wetlands

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

UPL

Obligate Upland - Plants with this status almost never occurs in wetlands

Eastern Mountains and Piedmont

UPL

Obligate Upland - Plants with this status almost never occurs in wetlands

Great Plains

UPL

Obligate Upland - Plants with this status almost never occurs in wetlands

Midwest

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Northcentral & Northeast

UPL

Obligate Upland - Plants with this status almost never occurs in wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

UPL

Obligate Upland - Plants with this status almost never occurs in wetlands

Foxtail Prairie Clover

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Dalea L. - prairie clover

Species

Dalea leporina (Aiton) Bullock - foxtail prairie clover

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA