North America Native Plant

Forest Tetramolopium

Botanical name: Tetramolopium consanguineum leptophyllum var. leptophyllum

USDA symbol: TECOL2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Forest Tetramolopium: Hawaii’s Rare Mountain Treasure If you’re looking for a truly unique Hawaiian native plant, forest tetramolopium might catch your eye – but there’s an important conservation story you need to know first. This remarkable shrub represents one of Hawaii’s most precious and endangered plant treasures, making it a ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1T1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Forest Tetramolopium: Hawaii’s Rare Mountain Treasure

If you’re looking for a truly unique Hawaiian native plant, forest tetramolopium might catch your eye – but there’s an important conservation story you need to know first. This remarkable shrub represents one of Hawaii’s most precious and endangered plant treasures, making it a species that deserves our respect and protection rather than casual cultivation.

What Makes Forest Tetramolopium Special

Forest tetramolopium (Tetramolopium consanguineum leptophyllum var. leptophyllum) is a perennial shrub that’s completely native to Hawaii. Like many of Hawaii’s endemic plants, it has evolved in isolation over thousands of years, developing unique characteristics that make it perfectly adapted to its mountain habitat.

This multi-stemmed woody plant typically grows as a shrub, usually staying under 13-16 feet in height. It develops several stems that arise from or near the ground, though environmental conditions can sometimes influence its final size and shape.

Where You’ll Find It (Or Won’t)

Forest tetramolopium grows exclusively in Hawaii – you won’t find this plant naturally occurring anywhere else in the world. However, even within Hawaii, encountering this plant in the wild is incredibly rare.

A Conservation Alert: Extremely Rare Status

Here’s where the story gets serious: forest tetramolopium has a Global Conservation Status of S1T1, which indicates it’s extremely rare and critically imperiled. This means there are very few individuals left in the wild, and the species faces a high risk of extinction.

What this means for gardeners:

  • Never collect plants or seeds from wild populations
  • Only consider growing this plant if you can obtain it from verified, responsibly managed sources
  • Understand that availability will be extremely limited, if available at all
  • Consider this more of a conservation opportunity than a typical gardening project

Growing Forest Tetramolopium Responsibly

Due to its extremely rare status, there’s limited information available about successfully growing forest tetramolopium in cultivation. If you’re fortunate enough to obtain responsibly sourced material, you’ll likely be pioneering cultivation techniques rather than following established guidelines.

Based on its native Hawaiian habitat, forest tetramolopium would likely thrive in:

  • USDA hardiness zones 10-12 (tropical to subtropical climates)
  • Well-draining soils similar to its native mountain environment
  • Conditions that mimic Hawaii’s unique climate patterns

Alternative Native Hawaiian Plants

If you’re interested in growing native Hawaiian plants but want to choose species that aren’t critically endangered, consider these alternatives:

  • Other Tetramolopium species that are less rare
  • Native Hawaiian shrubs with similar growth habits
  • Consult with local native plant societies for the best alternatives in your area

Supporting Conservation

The best way to help forest tetramolopium is to support Hawaiian plant conservation efforts. Many organizations work tirelessly to protect Hawaii’s endemic flora through habitat preservation, seed banking, and careful propagation programs.

Rather than trying to grow this extremely rare plant yourself, consider supporting these conservation efforts financially or through volunteer work. Sometimes the most loving thing we can do for a rare plant is to help protect it where it naturally belongs.

The Bottom Line

Forest tetramolopium represents both the incredible diversity of Hawaii’s native flora and the urgent conservation challenges these plants face. While it might be tempting to want to grow such a unique plant, its critically imperiled status means that conservation should take priority over cultivation.

If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants, there are many other species that can bring the beauty and ecological benefits of native flora to your garden without contributing to the pressure on extremely rare species. Sometimes being a responsible gardener means admiring from afar and supporting conservation efforts instead.

Forest Tetramolopium

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Asterales

Family

Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl - Aster family

Genus

Tetramolopium Nees - tetramolopium

Species

Tetramolopium consanguineum (A. Gray) Hillebr. - forest tetramolopium

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA