North America Native Plant

Forest Spleenwort

Botanical name: Asplenium contiguum var. hirtulum

USDA symbol: ASCOH

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Forest Spleenwort: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting Meet the forest spleenwort (Asplenium contiguum var. hirtulum), a fascinating native fern that calls the Hawaiian islands home. While you might not find this beauty at your local garden center, it’s worth knowing about this special plant that plays an important role ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3T2T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘

Forest Spleenwort: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting

Meet the forest spleenwort (Asplenium contiguum var. hirtulum), a fascinating native fern that calls the Hawaiian islands home. While you might not find this beauty at your local garden center, it’s worth knowing about this special plant that plays an important role in Hawaii’s unique ecosystem.

What Makes This Fern Special?

The forest spleenwort belongs to the diverse Asplenium genus, commonly known as spleenworts. As a perennial fern, it returns year after year, quietly doing its part in Hawaii’s forest understory. Like all ferns, it reproduces through spores rather than flowers, making it an ancient representative of plant evolution.

Where You’ll Find Forest Spleenwort

This remarkable fern is endemic to Hawaii, meaning it grows naturally nowhere else on Earth. Its entire world consists of the Hawaiian islands, where it has evolved to thrive in the unique conditions of tropical forests.

A Plant Worth Protecting

Here’s where things get serious: the forest spleenwort has a Global Conservation Status of S3T2T3, which indicates it may be vulnerable or at risk. This rarity status means we need to be extra thoughtful about how we interact with this species.

If you’re lucky enough to encounter this fern in the wild, please:

  • Look but don’t touch or collect
  • Stay on designated trails to avoid disturbing its habitat
  • Support organizations working to protect Hawaiian native plants
  • Choose responsibly sourced plants if you’re creating a native Hawaiian garden

Growing Forest Spleenwort: Proceed with Caution

Given its rarity status, we strongly recommend against collecting this fern from the wild. If you’re interested in growing forest spleenwort, only obtain plants from reputable sources that can verify responsible propagation methods.

For those in tropical climates (USDA zones 10-12) who can source this fern responsibly, it likely prefers:

  • Shaded locations that mimic forest understory conditions
  • Well-draining soil with good organic content
  • Consistent moisture without waterlogging
  • Protection from strong winds

Supporting Hawaiian Native Plants

Instead of seeking out rare species like the forest spleenwort, consider supporting Hawaiian conservation efforts and choosing more common native alternatives for your garden. Every effort to protect and restore native Hawaiian plant communities helps ensure that species like the forest spleenwort continue to thrive in their natural habitat.

The forest spleenwort reminds us that some of nature’s most precious gems are best appreciated in their wild homes, where they can continue their ancient dance with the Hawaiian forests for generations to come.

Forest Spleenwort

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Aspleniaceae Newman - Spleenwort family

Genus

Asplenium L. - spleenwort

Species

Asplenium contiguum Kaulf. - forest spleenwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA