North America Native Plant

Flower’s Orthotrichum Moss

Botanical name: Orthotrichum flowersii

USDA symbol: ORFL4

Habit: nonvascular

Native status: Native to North America  

Synonyms: Orthotrichum pumilum Sw. var. ligulaefolium Flow. (ORPUL2)   

Discovering Flower’s Orthotrichum Moss: A Tiny Native Wonder If you’ve ever taken a close look at the bark of trees or rocky surfaces in your garden, you might have encountered some fascinating tiny green carpets without even knowing it. Meet Flower’s orthotrichum moss (Orthotrichum flowersii), a native North American moss ...

Discovering Flower’s Orthotrichum Moss: A Tiny Native Wonder

If you’ve ever taken a close look at the bark of trees or rocky surfaces in your garden, you might have encountered some fascinating tiny green carpets without even knowing it. Meet Flower’s orthotrichum moss (Orthotrichum flowersii), a native North American moss that’s part of the incredible world of bryophytes – those ancient, non-flowering plants that have been quietly doing their thing for millions of years.

What Exactly Is Flower’s Orthotrichum Moss?

Flower’s orthotrichum moss belongs to the fascinating group of plants we call mosses. Unlike the flowers and shrubs you might typically think of when planning your garden, this little green champion doesn’t have roots, flowers, or seeds. Instead, it’s a bryophyte – a group that includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. These remarkable plants are always herbaceous and have a special talent for attaching themselves to solid surfaces like rocks, tree bark, or even old wooden fences rather than growing in soil.

This particular moss was named in honor of someone called Flower (hence the species name flowersii), and it’s sometimes known by the synonym Orthotrichum pumilum var. ligulaefolium in older botanical references.

Where You’ll Find This Native Moss

As a native North American species, Flower’s orthotrichum moss has been quietly making itself at home across various regions of the continent long before any of us started thinking about native gardening. While specific distribution details aren’t well-documented, like many of its moss relatives, it likely appears in multiple states and provinces where conditions are suitable.

Is This Moss Beneficial for Your Garden?

Absolutely! While you might not plant Flower’s orthotrichum moss intentionally (and honestly, it would be quite challenging to do so), discovering it naturally occurring in your outdoor spaces is actually a wonderful sign. Here’s why having moss like this around is fantastic:

  • It indicates good air quality – mosses are sensitive to pollution
  • Helps prevent soil erosion on slopes and exposed areas
  • Provides moisture retention in its immediate environment
  • Creates microhabitats for tiny insects and other small creatures
  • Adds year-round green color to otherwise bare surfaces

How to Identify Flower’s Orthotrichum Moss

Spotting this particular moss can be tricky since many orthotrichum species look quite similar to the untrained eye. However, here are some general characteristics to look for:

  • Look for small, cushion-like growths on tree bark, rocks, or wooden surfaces
  • The moss will appear as tiny, densely packed green tufts
  • It typically grows in small patches rather than extensive carpets
  • You’ll need a hand lens or magnifying glass to see the detailed features that distinguish it from similar species

For definitive identification, you’d really need to examine the moss’s reproductive structures (called sporophytes) under magnification, which is why many moss species are best identified by experienced bryologists.

Encouraging Moss in Your Garden

While you can’t exactly plant Flower’s orthotrichum moss, you can create conditions that welcome native mosses in general:

  • Maintain some shaded, moist areas in your landscape
  • Avoid using harsh chemicals or fertilizers that might harm these sensitive plants
  • Keep some natural surfaces like tree bark, stones, or untreated wood available
  • Be patient – mosses establish themselves slowly and naturally

The Bigger Picture

Finding native mosses like Flower’s orthotrichum moss in your garden is like discovering hidden treasure. These ancient plants connect us to an incredible lineage of life that has been thriving on Earth far longer than flowering plants. They’re quiet indicators of environmental health and add a subtle but important layer of biodiversity to our landscapes.

So the next time you’re wandering around your garden, take a moment to appreciate these tiny green marvels. They might not be showy like your favorite perennials, but they’re doing important work and adding their own special kind of beauty to your outdoor space.

Flower’s Orthotrichum Moss

Classification

Group

Moss

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Bryophyta - Mosses

Subdivision

Musci

Class

Bryopsida - True mosses

Subclass

Bryidae

Order

Orthotrichales

Family

Orthotrichaceae Arn.

Genus

Orthotrichum Hedw. - orthotrichum moss

Species

Orthotrichum flowersii Vitt - Flower's orthotrichum moss

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA