North America Native Plant

Fewnerved Cottongrass

Botanical name: Eriophorum tenellum

USDA symbol: ERTE12

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to St. Pierre and Miquelon  

Synonyms: Eriophorum tenellum Nutt. var. monticola Fernald (ERTEM)   

Fewnerved Cottongrass: A Rare Wetland Beauty for Specialized Gardens If you’re looking to add something truly special to your wetland garden, fewnerved cottongrass (Eriophorum tenellum) might just be the unique native plant you’ve been searching for. This delicate perennial sedge brings an ethereal quality to bog gardens and wetland restorations ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: New Jersey

Status: Endangered, Listed Pinelands, Highlands Listed, S1: New Jersey Highlands region ⚘ New Jersey Pinelands region ⚘ Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Endangered: In danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. ⚘

Fewnerved Cottongrass: A Rare Wetland Beauty for Specialized Gardens

If you’re looking to add something truly special to your wetland garden, fewnerved cottongrass (Eriophorum tenellum) might just be the unique native plant you’ve been searching for. This delicate perennial sedge brings an ethereal quality to bog gardens and wetland restorations with its distinctive cotton-ball seed heads that dance in the breeze like tiny white flags.

What Makes Fewnerved Cottongrass Special

Don’t let the name fool you – this isn’t actually a grass at all! Fewnerved cottongrass belongs to the sedge family and is perfectly adapted to life in consistently wet conditions. This grass-like perennial produces slender stems topped with fluffy, white cotton-like tufts that give the plant its charming common name.

As a native species, fewnerved cottongrass has deep roots in North American ecosystems, literally and figuratively. It’s naturally found across a wide range that includes much of Canada and extends south into the northern United States, thriving in the specialized conditions of bogs, fens, and other wetland habitats.

Where You’ll Find It Growing Wild

This adaptable native calls home to an impressive list of locations, including New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Nunavut, Labrador, and Newfoundland in Canada. In the United States, you can find it in Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin.

A Word of Caution: Rarity Matters

Here’s something important every responsible gardener should know: fewnerved cottongrass is considered endangered in New Jersey, where it holds a rarity status of S1. This means if you’re considering adding this beauty to your garden, you absolutely must source it responsibly from reputable native plant nurseries that propagate their own stock rather than wild-collecting.

Perfect for Wetland Enthusiasts

Fewnerved cottongrass isn’t your typical backyard perennial – it’s a specialist that demands very specific growing conditions. This plant is classified as an obligate wetland species across all regions where it grows, meaning it almost always occurs in wetlands and requires consistently moist to wet conditions to thrive.

Growing Conditions That Make It Happy

If you’re thinking about welcoming fewnerved cottongrass into your landscape, here’s what you need to know:

  • Water requirements: Constantly moist to wet soil – think bog conditions
  • Soil type: Acidic, organic-rich soils typical of wetland environments
  • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
  • USDA Hardiness Zones: 2-6, making it quite cold-hardy

Where It Fits in Your Landscape

This isn’t a plant for traditional flower beds or typical rain gardens. Fewnerved cottongrass shines in specialized settings like:

  • Bog gardens and constructed wetlands
  • Naturalistic landscapes focused on native ecosystems
  • Wetland restoration projects
  • Conservation gardens
  • Educational native plant displays

Wildlife and Ecosystem Benefits

While fewnerved cottongrass is wind-pollinated rather than insect-pollinated, it still plays an important role in wetland ecosystems. Its presence indicates a healthy wetland environment, and it contributes to the complex web of plant life that supports various wetland-dependent wildlife species.

Care Tips for Success

Growing fewnerved cottongrass successfully is all about recreating its natural bog habitat:

  • Maintain consistently wet, acidic soil conditions
  • Avoid fertilizers – this plant is adapted to nutrient-poor conditions
  • Allow for natural winter dormancy in colder zones
  • Be patient – establishment can take time in artificial bog conditions

Is Fewnerved Cottongrass Right for You?

This charming native is perfect for gardeners who are passionate about wetland conservation and have the right conditions to support it. If you have a natural wet area on your property or are creating a specialized bog garden, fewnerved cottongrass can add authentic native beauty and ecological value.

However, if you’re looking for a low-maintenance perennial for typical garden conditions, this probably isn’t your plant. Its very specific moisture requirements and endangered status in some areas make it more suited to dedicated conservation gardeners and wetland restoration projects.

Remember, if you do decide to grow fewnerved cottongrass, always source it from reputable nurseries that propagate their own plants. By choosing responsibly sourced material, you’re supporting conservation efforts while enjoying this unique piece of North American wetland heritage in your own landscape.

Fewnerved Cottongrass

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eriophorum L. - cottongrass

Species

Eriophorum tenellum Nutt. - fewnerved cottongrass

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA