North America Native Plant

Fernald’s Northern Rockcress

Botanical name: Braya fernaldii

USDA symbol: BRFE3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Canada  

Synonyms: Braya purpurascens (R. Br.) Bunge var. fernaldii (Abbe) B. Boivin (BRPUF)   

Fernald’s Northern Rockcress: A Rare Jewel Worth Protecting Meet one of Canada’s most endangered wildflowers: Fernald’s northern rockcress (Braya fernaldii). This tiny but mighty perennial is a true botanical treasure that deserves our attention—and our protection. If you’re passionate about rare native plants and conservation gardening, this petite powerhouse might ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Fernald’s Northern Rockcress: A Rare Jewel Worth Protecting

Meet one of Canada’s most endangered wildflowers: Fernald’s northern rockcress (Braya fernaldii). This tiny but mighty perennial is a true botanical treasure that deserves our attention—and our protection. If you’re passionate about rare native plants and conservation gardening, this petite powerhouse might just capture your heart.

What Makes This Plant So Special?

Fernald’s northern rockcress is a perennial member of the mustard family that’s perfectly adapted to some of the harshest growing conditions imaginable. This hardy little plant forms compact, cushion-like mounds that hug the ground, topped with delicate clusters of small white to pale purple flowers in spring. It’s a classic example of how plants evolve to thrive in extreme environments.

Also known scientifically as Braya fernaldii, this species was once classified under the synonym Braya purpurascens var. fernaldii, but now stands as its own distinct species.

Where Does It Call Home?

This rare gem is native exclusively to Newfoundland, Canada, where it clings to life in limestone barrens and rocky outcrops. These harsh, windswept landscapes might seem inhospitable, but they’re exactly what this specialized plant needs to survive.

A Plant in Peril

Here’s where things get serious: Fernald’s northern rockcress has a Global Conservation Status of S1, meaning it’s critically imperiled. With typically five or fewer known occurrences and very few remaining individuals (less than 1,000), this plant is teetering on the edge of extinction. This makes it one of the rarest plants you could ever hope to encounter.

Should You Grow It?

Given its critically endangered status, growing Fernald’s northern rockcress requires a deep commitment to conservation ethics. If you’re considering adding this rare beauty to your collection, here are the essential points to consider:

  • Only source plants or seeds from reputable conservation organizations or botanical gardens
  • Never collect from wild populations—this could push the species closer to extinction
  • Consider this plant only if you have experience with challenging alpine species
  • Understand that you’d be participating in an important conservation effort

Growing Conditions for Success

If you do obtain responsibly sourced material, be prepared for a gardening challenge. Fernald’s northern rockcress demands conditions that mimic its native limestone barrens:

  • Soil: Extremely well-draining, alkaline soil with excellent drainage
  • Light: Full sun exposure
  • Temperature: Cool conditions; likely hardy in USDA zones 2-4
  • Moisture: Minimal water needs once established
  • Garden type: Alpine gardens, specialized rock gardens, or conservation collections

Benefits to Your Garden Ecosystem

While small, the spring flowers of Fernald’s northern rockcress provide valuable nectar for native pollinators, particularly small bees and flies that are active in cool weather. In a specialized alpine garden, it serves as an authentic representation of Canada’s unique limestone barren ecosystems.

The Bottom Line

Fernald’s northern rockcress isn’t a plant for every gardener—or even most gardeners. Its critically imperiled status means it should only be grown by serious conservation-minded gardeners who can source it responsibly and provide the specialized care it requires. If you’re not up for the challenge, consider supporting conservation organizations working to protect this species in the wild instead.

For those drawn to rare native plants, growing Fernald’s northern rockcress represents more than just adding another species to your garden—it’s participating in a crucial conservation effort to prevent the extinction of one of North America’s rarest wildflowers.

Fernald’s Northern Rockcress

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Capparales

Family

Brassicaceae Burnett - Mustard family

Genus

Braya Sternb. & Hoppe - northern-rockcress

Species

Braya fernaldii Abbe - Fernald's northern rockcress

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA