North America Native Plant

Exserted Indian Paintbrush

Botanical name: Castilleja exserta venusta

USDA symbol: CAEXV

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Orthocarpus purpurascens Benth. var. ornatus Jeps. (ORPUO)  âš˜  Orthocarpus purpurascens Benth. var. venustus (A. Heller) D.D. Keck (ORPUV)   

Exserted Indian Paintbrush: A Rare California Native Worth Growing Meet the exserted Indian paintbrush (Castilleja exserta venusta), a charming annual wildflower that brings a splash of color to California’s native landscapes. This delightful forb is part of the beloved Indian paintbrush family, known for their vibrant, brush-like flower clusters that ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S4S5T3?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Exserted Indian Paintbrush: A Rare California Native Worth Growing

Meet the exserted Indian paintbrush (Castilleja exserta venusta), a charming annual wildflower that brings a splash of color to California’s native landscapes. This delightful forb is part of the beloved Indian paintbrush family, known for their vibrant, brush-like flower clusters that look like they’ve been dipped in paint.

A True California Native

The exserted Indian paintbrush is a proud native of California, calling the Golden State its exclusive home within the lower 48 states. As a native plant, it has evolved alongside local wildlife and growing conditions, making it a natural choice for gardeners looking to support their local ecosystem. This annual forb lacks woody tissue, instead putting all its energy into producing those eye-catching blooms during its single growing season.

What Makes This Plant Special

Like other members of the Castilleja family, the exserted Indian paintbrush is known for its distinctive flowering structure. The actual flowers are quite small, but they’re surrounded by colorful bracts that create the paintbrush-like appearance that gives these plants their common name. While specific details about this particular variety’s appearance are limited, Indian paintbrushes typically display brilliant reds, oranges, or yellows that can brighten any garden space.

A Note About Rarity

Here’s something important to know: the exserted Indian paintbrush has a conservation status that suggests it may be uncommon in its native range. If you’re interested in growing this beautiful native, please make sure to source your seeds or plants from reputable native plant nurseries that practice responsible collection methods. Never collect seeds or plants from wild populations.

Garden Role and Landscape Use

This annual wildflower works beautifully in:

  • Native plant gardens
  • Wildflower meadows
  • Natural landscaping projects
  • Pollinator-friendly gardens

As an annual, it’s perfect for gardeners who enjoy changing displays each year or want to fill in gaps while perennial plants establish themselves.

Growing Conditions and Care

While specific growing requirements for this variety aren’t well-documented, Indian paintbrushes generally prefer:

  • Full sun to partial shade
  • Well-draining soils
  • Low to moderate water once established
  • Minimal fertilization (they often prefer lean soils)

Since this is a California native, it’s likely adapted to the state’s Mediterranean climate patterns, with wet winters and dry summers.

Planting and Care Tips

Growing Indian paintbrushes can be a bit tricky, as many species are semi-parasitic and form relationships with the roots of other plants. Here are some general tips:

  • Sow seeds in fall for spring germination
  • Plant alongside grasses or other compatible native plants
  • Avoid over-watering once established
  • Allow plants to self-seed for natural populations

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

Indian paintbrushes are fantastic for supporting local wildlife. They typically attract hummingbirds, who love to visit the tubular flowers, as well as butterflies and native bees. By choosing this native species, you’re providing food and habitat for California’s indigenous creatures.

The Bottom Line

The exserted Indian paintbrush offers gardeners a chance to grow a truly special California native. While it may require a bit more attention than common garden annuals, the reward of supporting local ecosystems and enjoying those distinctive painted blooms makes it worthwhile. Just remember to source responsibly and give this rare beauty the respect it deserves.

Whether you’re creating a native plant showcase or simply want to add some wild beauty to your landscape, the exserted Indian paintbrush could be the perfect addition to your California garden.

Exserted Indian Paintbrush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja exserta (A. Heller) T.I. Chuang & Heckard - exserted Indian paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA