North America Native Plant

Erwin’s Red Turtlehead

Botanical name: Chelone obliqua var. erwiniae

USDA symbol: CHOBE

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Erwin’s Red Turtlehead: A Rare Native Gem Worth Protecting Meet Erwin’s red turtlehead (Chelone obliqua var. erwiniae), a fascinating and rare native perennial that represents one of nature’s more elusive treasures. This herbaceous wildflower is a special variety of the better-known red turtlehead, distinguished by unique characteristics that make it ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S4T2T4Q: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Uncertain taxonomy: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Subspecies or varieties is apparently secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the region or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘

Erwin’s Red Turtlehead: A Rare Native Gem Worth Protecting

Meet Erwin’s red turtlehead (Chelone obliqua var. erwiniae), a fascinating and rare native perennial that represents one of nature’s more elusive treasures. This herbaceous wildflower is a special variety of the better-known red turtlehead, distinguished by unique characteristics that make it a botanical rarity worth understanding and protecting.

A Native with Limited Range

Erwin’s red turtlehead is native to the southeastern United States, with a remarkably limited natural distribution. This rare variety can be found growing wild in just three states: Kentucky, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Its restricted range makes it a true regional specialty and contributes to its conservation significance.

Understanding This Rare Variety

As a perennial forb, Erwin’s red turtlehead lacks the woody tissue of shrubs and trees, instead growing as a soft-stemmed herbaceous plant that returns year after year. Like other members of the turtlehead family, it likely produces distinctive snapdragon-like flowers that supposedly resemble a turtle’s head with its mouth slightly open – hence the charming common name.

Conservation Status: Handle with Care

Here’s where things get serious: Erwin’s red turtlehead carries a Global Conservation Status of S4T2T4Q, indicating it’s considered rare to uncommon in its native range. This conservation status is a red flag that tells us this plant needs our protection and respect.

What does this mean for gardeners? If you’re interested in growing this rare beauty, it’s absolutely crucial to source it responsibly. Never collect plants or seeds from wild populations – this could harm already vulnerable communities of this rare variety.

Should You Grow Erwin’s Red Turtlehead?

The honest answer is: probably not, unless you’re a serious native plant enthusiast with access to ethically sourced material. Here’s why:

  • Its rarity means commercially available sources are extremely limited
  • Wild collection could damage vulnerable populations
  • Limited horticultural information makes successful cultivation challenging
  • There are more readily available native alternatives that provide similar benefits

Better Alternatives for Most Gardeners

If you’re drawn to the idea of growing turtleheads in your native garden, consider the more common white turtlehead (Chelone glabra) or the standard red turtlehead (Chelone obliqua) instead. These species offer similar aesthetic appeal and ecological benefits while being more sustainable choices for home gardeners.

Supporting Conservation

The best way most gardeners can support Erwin’s red turtlehead is by:

  • Learning about and appreciating rare native plants
  • Supporting botanical gardens and native plant societies that work on conservation
  • Choosing more common native alternatives for home landscapes
  • Spreading awareness about the importance of protecting rare plant varieties

The Bigger Picture

Erwin’s red turtlehead reminds us that native plant diversity exists on many levels – not just different species, but different varieties and populations within species. Each represents millions of years of evolution and adaptation to specific local conditions. By understanding and respecting plants like this rare turtlehead variety, we become better stewards of our native plant heritage.

While you might not be growing Erwin’s red turtlehead in your backyard anytime soon, knowing about its existence and rarity helps us appreciate the incredible diversity of native plants that call our regions home – and the importance of protecting them for future generations.

Erwin’s Red Turtlehead

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Chelone L. - turtlehead

Species

Chelone obliqua L. - red turtlehead

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA