North America Native Plant

Elko Indian Paintbrush

Botanical name: Castilleja fulva

USDA symbol: CAFU

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Canada  

Elko Indian Paintbrush: A Rare Canadian Wildflower Worth Protecting Meet the Elko Indian paintbrush (Castilleja fulva), one of Canada’s most elusive wildflowers. This perennial herb belongs to the fascinating world of Indian paintbrushes, but unlike its more common cousins, this particular species is so rare that it might just be ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1Q: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Uncertain taxonomy: ⚘ Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Elko Indian Paintbrush: A Rare Canadian Wildflower Worth Protecting

Meet the Elko Indian paintbrush (Castilleja fulva), one of Canada’s most elusive wildflowers. This perennial herb belongs to the fascinating world of Indian paintbrushes, but unlike its more common cousins, this particular species is so rare that it might just be gardening’s equivalent of spotting a unicorn in your backyard.

Where in the World?

The Elko Indian paintbrush calls British Columbia, Canada, its exclusive home. This extremely limited geographic range is part of what makes this plant so special—and so vulnerable. It’s what botanists call an endemic species, meaning it exists nowhere else on Earth.

What Makes This Plant Special

Castilleja fulva is a perennial forb, which is a fancy way of saying it’s a non-woody herbaceous plant that comes back year after year. Like other members of the Indian paintbrush family, it likely produces colorful bracts (modified leaves that look like petals) that create the signature paintbrush appearance these plants are famous for.

The Rarity Reality Check

Here’s where things get serious: this plant has a Global Conservation Status of S1Q, which indicates it’s critically rare with some taxonomic uncertainty. In plain English, this means:

  • It’s extremely rare in the wild
  • Its populations are critically small or possibly declining
  • There may be some scientific questions about its classification
  • It needs our protection, not our gardens

Should You Grow Elko Indian Paintbrush?

The short answer is: probably not, and here’s why. When a plant is this rare, removing it from wild populations or trying to cultivate it without proper expertise can actually harm conservation efforts. Plus, there’s virtually no information available about how to successfully grow this species in garden settings.

If you’re absolutely determined to work with this species for conservation purposes, only do so through:

  • Collaboration with professional botanists
  • Approved conservation programs
  • Institutions with proper permits and expertise
  • Responsibly sourced material (never wild-collected)

Better Alternatives for Your Garden

Instead of risking harm to this rare species, consider these more common and garden-friendly Indian paintbrush alternatives:

  • Scarlet paintbrush (Castilleja miniata) – widely available and stunning
  • Prairie paintbrush (Castilleja sessiliflora) – great for grassland gardens
  • Desert paintbrush (Castilleja chromosa) – perfect for arid landscapes

The Conservation Connection

Sometimes the best way to appreciate a rare plant is to protect it in its natural habitat rather than trying to bring it home. The Elko Indian paintbrush serves as a reminder that not every beautiful wildflower belongs in our gardens—some are too precious and vulnerable to risk.

If you’re passionate about supporting this species, consider donating to botanical conservation organizations or participating in citizen science projects that help monitor rare plant populations. That’s how we can ensure future generations might still have the chance to encounter this remarkable plant in the wild.

The Bottom Line

While the Elko Indian paintbrush is undoubtedly a fascinating plant, its extreme rarity means it’s better admired from afar. Focus your gardening energy on more readily available native species that can provide similar beauty without conservation concerns. After all, the best gardens are those that support biodiversity without compromising the survival of our rarest natural treasures.

Elko Indian Paintbrush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja fulva Pennell - Elko Indian paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA