North America Native Plant

‘ekoko

Botanical name: Chamaesyce celastroides var. hanapepensis

USDA symbol: CHCEH

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Chamaesyce celastroides (Boiss.) Croizat & O. Deg. var. nelsonii (H. St. John) Raju & Rao (CHCEN3)  âš˜  Euphorbia celastroides Boiss. var. hanapepensis Sherff (EUCEH2)  âš˜  Euphorbia celastroides Boiss. var. nelsonii H. St. John (EUCEN)  âš˜  Euphorbia rivularis A. Heller (EURI2)   

‘Ekoko: A Rare Hawaiian Treasure for Your Native Garden If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and conservation gardening, you may have heard whispers about a special little shrub called ‘ekoko. This remarkable plant, scientifically known as Chamaesyce celastroides var. hanapepensis, represents one of Hawaii’s precious endemic species that deserves ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘

‘Ekoko: A Rare Hawaiian Treasure for Your Native Garden

If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and conservation gardening, you may have heard whispers about a special little shrub called ‘ekoko. This remarkable plant, scientifically known as Chamaesyce celastroides var. hanapepensis, represents one of Hawaii’s precious endemic species that deserves our attention and protection.

What Makes ‘Ekoko Special?

‘Ekoko is a perennial shrub that belongs to the spurge family. Like other shrubs, it’s a multi-stemmed woody plant that typically stays under 13-16 feet tall, though it usually grows much smaller in garden settings. What makes this plant truly special is its incredible rarity and its connection to a specific place in Hawaiian natural history.

A Plant with Deep Hawaiian Roots

‘Ekoko is endemic to Hawaii, meaning it exists nowhere else on Earth. This variety is particularly tied to the island of Kauai, specifically the Hanapepe area. It’s a true native Hawaiian, having evolved in isolation in the Pacific over thousands of years.

The Conservation Reality

Here’s something important every gardener should know: ‘ekoko has a Global Conservation Status of S3T3, which indicates it’s vulnerable and rare in the wild. This means that while it’s not on the brink of extinction, it’s definitely a species that needs our thoughtful attention and care.

If you’re considering adding ‘ekoko to your garden, this rarity status comes with responsibility. You should only obtain plants from reputable native plant nurseries that propagate their stock ethically, never from wild collection.

Why Grow ‘Ekoko in Your Garden?

Despite its rarity challenges, there are compelling reasons to consider ‘ekoko for the right garden:

  • You’ll be participating in conservation by maintaining genetic diversity outside of wild populations
  • It’s perfectly adapted to Hawaiian growing conditions
  • As a native plant, it supports local ecosystems
  • It requires minimal water once established, making it perfect for sustainable landscaping
  • It adds authentic Hawaiian character to native plant gardens

Garden Design and Landscaping Uses

‘Ekoko works beautifully in several garden settings:

  • Native Hawaiian plant gardens
  • Dry or xerophytic landscapes
  • Rock gardens
  • Conservation collections
  • Educational gardens showcasing Hawaiian biodiversity

Its compact shrub form makes it suitable for both specimen planting and as part of mixed native plant communities.

Growing Conditions and Care

Like many Hawaiian natives, ‘ekoko appreciates conditions that mimic its natural habitat:

  • Climate: Thrives in USDA zones 10-11 (tropical conditions)
  • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
  • Soil: Well-draining soils are essential
  • Water: Drought-tolerant once established, prefers dry to moderate moisture
  • Maintenance: Low-maintenance once established

Planting and Care Tips

Successfully growing ‘ekoko starts with proper establishment:

  • Plant in well-draining soil to prevent root rot
  • Water regularly during the first growing season to establish roots
  • Once established, reduce watering frequency
  • Avoid overwatering, which can be more harmful than drought
  • Little to no fertilization needed – native plants prefer lean conditions

The Bottom Line

‘Ekoko represents both an opportunity and a responsibility for Hawaiian gardeners. While its rarity means you’ll need to source it carefully and ethically, successfully growing this native shrub connects you to Hawaii’s unique natural heritage while contributing to conservation efforts.

Before planting, make sure you’re committed to providing appropriate growing conditions and that you’ve sourced your plant responsibly. When grown thoughtfully, ‘ekoko can be a meaningful addition to native plant gardens, serving as both a beautiful landscape element and a living piece of Hawaiian natural history.

Remember: every native plant we successfully cultivate in our gardens is a small victory for conservation and a step toward preserving Hawaii’s irreplaceable botanical treasures for future generations.

‘ekoko

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Euphorbiales

Family

Euphorbiaceae Juss. - Spurge family

Genus

Chamaesyce Gray - sandmat

Species

Chamaesyce celastroides (Boiss.) Croizat & O. Deg. - 'ekoko

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA