North America Native Plant

Effluent Water-starwort

Botanical name: Callitriche trochlearis

USDA symbol: CATR2

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Effluent Water-Starwort: A Rare Native Aquatic Plant for Specialized Gardens Meet the effluent water-starwort (Callitriche trochlearis), a tiny but fascinating native aquatic plant that’s definitely not your typical garden flower. This little-known annual forb might just be the perfect addition to your water garden—if you can find it and give ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Effluent Water-Starwort: A Rare Native Aquatic Plant for Specialized Gardens

Meet the effluent water-starwort (Callitriche trochlearis), a tiny but fascinating native aquatic plant that’s definitely not your typical garden flower. This little-known annual forb might just be the perfect addition to your water garden—if you can find it and give it the very specific conditions it craves.

What Makes This Water Plant Special

Don’t let the name fool you—effluent water-starwort isn’t just for treating wastewater (though it can help with that!). This native beauty is a member of the water-starwort family, producing tiny white flowers and small, opposite leaves that create delicate floating mats on water surfaces. As an annual forb, it completes its entire life cycle in one growing season, making it a fleeting but worthwhile addition to aquatic gardens.

Where You’ll Find It Growing Wild

Effluent water-starwort calls the Pacific Coast home, naturally occurring in California and Oregon. This native species has adapted to life in wetland environments throughout these western states, from coastal areas to inland water bodies.

Important Conservation Note

Before you start shopping for seeds, here’s something crucial to know: effluent water-starwort has a Global Conservation Status of S3?, which means its conservation status is currently undefined but potentially of concern. If you’re interested in growing this rare native, please only use responsibly sourced material from reputable native plant nurseries or seed suppliers who practice ethical collection methods.

Perfect for Specialized Water Gardens

This isn’t a plant for your average flower bed. Effluent water-starwort is classified as an Obligate Wetland species, meaning it almost always occurs in wetlands and requires constantly moist to submerged conditions. Here’s where it shines:

  • Constructed wetlands and bioswales
  • Water gardens and aquatic features
  • Bog gardens with standing water
  • Natural pond edges and shallow water areas
  • Rain gardens that hold water for extended periods

Growing Conditions and Care

If you’re up for the challenge of growing this specialized native, here’s what you need to know:

Water Requirements: This plant lives up to its wetland status—it needs to be in constantly moist soil or shallow standing water. Think of it as the opposite of drought-tolerant plants.

Climate Needs: Based on its natural range in California and Oregon, effluent water-starwort likely thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8-10, though it may tolerate slightly cooler conditions in protected wetland environments.

Planting Tips: Since this is an annual, you’ll need to replant each year or allow it to self-seed in appropriate conditions. Seeds can be scattered in shallow water or muddy areas in early spring.

Wildlife and Ecological Benefits

While effluent water-starwort may not be a pollinator magnet due to its tiny, wind-pollinated flowers, it still provides valuable ecosystem services. As an aquatic plant, it helps oxygenate water, provides habitat for aquatic insects, and can assist in natural water filtration processes.

Should You Grow It?

Effluent water-starwort is definitely a niche plant, perfect for gardeners who:

  • Have water gardens or constructed wetlands
  • Are passionate about growing rare native species
  • Want to support local ecosystem restoration
  • Enjoy the challenge of specialized aquatic gardening

However, it’s not the right choice if you’re looking for showy flowers, easy care, or a plant for traditional garden beds. This little water-lover demands specific conditions and may be difficult to source due to its conservation status.

If you’re intrigued by native aquatic plants but want something more readily available, consider other native water-starworts or wetland plants that might be easier to find and establish. But if you’re up for the adventure and can source it responsibly, effluent water-starwort offers a unique opportunity to grow a rare piece of our native aquatic heritage.

Effluent Water-starwort

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Callitrichales

Family

Callitrichaceae Link. - Water-starwort family

Genus

Callitriche L. - water-starwort

Species

Callitriche trochlearis Fassett - effluent water-starwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA