North America Native Plant

Dwarf Mountain Lupine

Botanical name: Lupinus lyallii lyallii

USDA symbol: LULYL

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Dwarf Mountain Lupine: A Rare Alpine Gem for Specialized Gardens If you’re drawn to rare alpine plants and love a gardening challenge, the dwarf mountain lupine (Lupinus lyallii lyallii) might just capture your heart. This diminutive member of the lupine family is a true mountain dweller, adapted to some of ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T2T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Dwarf Mountain Lupine: A Rare Alpine Gem for Specialized Gardens

If you’re drawn to rare alpine plants and love a gardening challenge, the dwarf mountain lupine (Lupinus lyallii lyallii) might just capture your heart. This diminutive member of the lupine family is a true mountain dweller, adapted to some of the harshest growing conditions nature can dish out.

What Makes Dwarf Mountain Lupine Special?

This perennial forb herb stands out as a compact cousin to the more familiar garden lupines. Unlike its taller relatives, dwarf mountain lupine has evolved to hug the ground and brave the intense conditions of high-elevation environments. It’s a native species found across western North America, making it a valuable addition to native plant gardens—when grown responsibly.

Where Does It Call Home?

Dwarf mountain lupine naturally occurs across several western states and provinces, including British Columbia, California, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. You’ll find this hardy little plant clinging to rocky slopes and alpine meadows, often above the treeline where few other plants dare to venture.

Important Conservation Considerations

Here’s where things get serious: this plant has a Global Conservation Status of S5T2T3, indicating it’s considered rare in parts of its range. If you’re interested in growing dwarf mountain lupine, please only source plants or seeds from reputable native plant nurseries that practice ethical collection methods. Never collect from wild populations, as this can harm already vulnerable communities.

Garden Appeal and Design Role

Don’t expect this lupine to fill the same role as its garden-variety cousins. Dwarf mountain lupine is all about specialized appeal:

  • Perfect for alpine and rock gardens
  • Excellent choice for high-elevation native plant landscapes
  • Adds authentic mountain character to appropriate settings
  • Creates habitat for specialized high-elevation pollinators

Growing Conditions: Not for the Faint of Heart

Let’s be honest—this isn’t a plant for typical suburban gardens. Dwarf mountain lupine demands conditions that mimic its harsh mountain home:

  • Sunlight: Full sun exposure
  • Soil: Extremely well-draining, rocky or gravelly soil
  • Water: Minimal water needs; excellent drainage essential
  • Climate: Cold winters and cool summers (likely USDA zones 3-6)
  • Elevation: Performs best in high-elevation or high-altitude conditions

Planting and Care Tips

Successfully growing dwarf mountain lupine requires patience and the right approach:

  • Start with ethically sourced seeds, as plants are rarely available
  • Seeds likely need cold stratification to germinate
  • Plant in a rock garden or alpine trough with exceptional drainage
  • Avoid fertilizers—this plant is adapted to nutrient-poor conditions
  • Water sparingly, if at all, once established
  • Protect from excessive summer heat in lower elevations

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

Like other lupines, dwarf mountain lupine likely supports specialized high-elevation pollinators, including native bees adapted to harsh mountain conditions. Its presence helps maintain the delicate ecological balance of alpine ecosystems.

Should You Grow Dwarf Mountain Lupine?

This plant is definitely not for everyone. Consider it if you:

  • Have experience with challenging alpine plants
  • Live in or can simulate high-elevation conditions
  • Are committed to ethical sourcing practices
  • Want to support conservation through cultivation
  • Have a specialized rock or alpine garden

For most gardeners, other native lupine species might be more appropriate and easier to grow. But for those with the right conditions and conservation mindset, dwarf mountain lupine offers a unique opportunity to cultivate a truly special piece of mountain wilderness.

Remember: the rarity of this plant makes responsible growing practices essential. By choosing ethically sourced material and proper growing conditions, you can help ensure this mountain treasure continues to thrive both in gardens and in its wild alpine home.

Dwarf Mountain Lupine

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Lupinus L. - lupine

Species

Lupinus lyallii A. Gray - dwarf mountain lupine

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA