North America Native Plant

Dwarf Four O’clock

Botanical name: Mirabilis pumila

USDA symbol: MIPU6

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Allionia pumila Standl. (ALPU7)  âš˜  Oxybaphus pumilus (Standl.) Standl. (OXPU5)   

Dwarf Four O’Clock: A Charming Native Wildflower for Desert Gardens If you’re looking to add a touch of delicate beauty to your desert landscape, the dwarf four o’clock might just be the perfect native wildflower for your garden. This petite perennial brings evening charm and authentic southwestern character to any ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3S4: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘

Dwarf Four O’Clock: A Charming Native Wildflower for Desert Gardens

If you’re looking to add a touch of delicate beauty to your desert landscape, the dwarf four o’clock might just be the perfect native wildflower for your garden. This petite perennial brings evening charm and authentic southwestern character to any xeriscape or rock garden setting.

Meet the Dwarf Four O’Clock

Botanically known as Mirabilis pumila, the dwarf four o’clock is a native forb that calls the American Southwest home. Unlike its more famous cousin, the common four o’clock, this species stays compact and close to the ground, making it an excellent choice for gardeners who want the classic four o’clock charm without the sprawling growth habit.

You might also encounter this plant listed under its scientific synonyms Allionia pumila or Oxybaphus pumilus in older gardening references or seed catalogs.

Where It Grows Wild

This charming native wildflower naturally occurs across five southwestern states: Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. It’s perfectly adapted to the challenging desert and semi-desert conditions found throughout this region, thriving in areas where many other plants struggle to survive.

Why You’ll Love Growing Dwarf Four O’Clock

What makes this little native so special? Here are the top reasons gardeners fall in love with dwarf four o’clock:

  • Evening magic: The small, tubular flowers open in late afternoon and evening, creating a subtle but enchanting display when many other flowers have closed for the day
  • Pollinator friendly: Those trumpet-shaped blooms are perfectly designed to attract evening pollinators, especially moths
  • Drought champion: Once established, this native requires minimal water, making it perfect for water-wise gardening
  • Low maintenance: As a true native, it’s naturally adapted to local conditions and needs very little fussing
  • Compact size: Unlike some four o’clocks that can take over a garden, this dwarf variety stays well-behaved

Perfect Garden Settings

Dwarf four o’clock shines brightest in these garden styles:

  • Desert and xeriscape gardens
  • Rock gardens and alpine settings
  • Native plant collections
  • Water-wise landscape designs
  • Evening gardens designed for nighttime enjoyment

It works beautifully as a ground cover in sunny spots or as an accent plant tucked between larger desert shrubs and cacti.

Growing Conditions and Care

Like most desert natives, dwarf four o’clock has some specific preferences, but they’re not hard to meet:

Sunlight: Full sun is essential – this plant needs those intense rays to thrive

Soil: Well-draining soil is absolutely critical. Sandy or rocky soils work perfectly, while heavy clay or constantly moist conditions will likely kill the plant

Water: Drought tolerant once established, but avoid overwatering which can cause root rot

Climate: Hardy in USDA zones 7-10, making it suitable for most southwestern gardens

Planting and Care Tips

Getting your dwarf four o’clock off to a good start is straightforward:

  • Plant in spring after the last frost danger has passed
  • Choose a sunny location with excellent drainage
  • Space plants appropriately to allow for their mature spread
  • Water regularly the first season to help establishment, then reduce watering significantly
  • Avoid fertilizing – desert natives often perform better in lean soils
  • Deadhead spent flowers if you want to prevent self-seeding

A Note About Responsible Sourcing

Here’s something important to keep in mind: dwarf four o’clock has a conservation status that indicates it’s somewhat uncommon in the wild. While this doesn’t mean you can’t grow it, it does mean you should be thoughtful about where you source your plants or seeds. Always purchase from reputable native plant nurseries that use responsibly collected or cultivated stock rather than wild-collected material.

Is Dwarf Four O’Clock Right for Your Garden?

This native beauty is perfect for gardeners who:

  • Want to support native ecosystems and pollinators
  • Are creating water-wise landscapes
  • Enjoy evening gardens and night-blooming plants
  • Live in the southwestern United States
  • Prefer low-maintenance, naturally adapted plants

However, it might not be the best choice if you’re looking for showy, all-day color or if you live in a humid climate outside its natural range.

The dwarf four o’clock proves that sometimes the most beautiful garden additions come in small, understated packages. This little native wildflower offers authentic southwestern charm, evening magic, and the satisfaction of growing a plant that truly belongs in your landscape. Give it the sun and drainage it craves, and you’ll be rewarded with years of delicate blooms and the knowledge that you’re supporting native plant communities.

Dwarf Four O’clock

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Caryophyllidae

Order

Caryophyllales

Family

Nyctaginaceae Juss. - Four o'clock family

Genus

Mirabilis L. - four o'clock

Species

Mirabilis pumila (Standl.) Standl. - dwarf four o'clock

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA